CVE-2009-2692: Buffer Overflow
First published: Wed Aug 12 2009(Updated: )
Description of problem: Reported by Tavis Ormandy and Julien Tinnes. The SOCKOPS_WRAP macro from include/linux/net.h doesn't initialise the sendpage operation in the proto_ops structure correctly. Leading to a kernel NULL pointer dereference, and thus a local privilege escalation. Acknowledgements: Red Hat would like to thank Tavis Ormandy and Julien Tinnes of the Google Security Team for responsibly reporting this flaw.
Credit: cve@mitre.org cve@mitre.org
| Affected Software | Affected Version | How to fix |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.19 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.15 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.30-rc3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.27 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.16 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.15.3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.11 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.10 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.32 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.14.7 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.23 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.13 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.13.3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.8 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36.6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.26 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.27 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30-rc2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.14.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.14 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.10 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.12 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.14.3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30-rc3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.13 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.11 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.13 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.17 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.15 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.33.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.15.6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.19 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.15.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.21 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.23 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.14.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.13.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.13.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.7 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.11 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.25 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.14 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.25 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.31--pre1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.21 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.28 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.14.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.9 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.23 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.12.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.15.7 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.29--rc2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.21 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.34 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.14.6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.12.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.9 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.19 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.30 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.28 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.19 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.35.3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.32--pre2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.0 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.21 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36.3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.13.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.27 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.24 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.10 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.12.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.27 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30-rc5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.26 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.30-rc2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.33 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.16 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.8 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.19 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.14 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.33.7 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.15.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.22 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.33.3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.29--rc1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.10 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.12.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.24 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.23 | |
| Linux kernel | =2.6.24.7 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.12.3 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.21 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.33.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.22 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36.7 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.15.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.17 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.12 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.18 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.27 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.33-p-re1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.12.6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.7 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.15 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.37.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.27 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.32--pre1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.19 | |
| Linux kernel | =2.6.25.15 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.14.2 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.27 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.33.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.19 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30-rc6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.37--rc1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.29 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30-rc1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.4 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.19 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.20 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.12 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.16.20 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.15.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.4.36.8 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.30-rc7-git6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.11.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.13.1 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | =2.6.12 | |
| redhat/kernel-rt | <0:2.6.24.7-132.el5 | 0:2.6.24.7-132.el5 |
| redhat/kernel | <0:2.6.18-128.7.1.el5 | 0:2.6.18-128.7.1.el5 |
| redhat/kernel | <0:2.6.18-92.1.28.el5 | 0:2.6.18-92.1.28.el5 |
| Linux Linux kernel | >=2.4.4<2.4.37.5 | |
| Linux Linux kernel | >=2.6.0<2.6.30.5 | |
| Debian Debian Linux | =4.0 | |
| Suse Linux Enterprise Real Time | =10 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Desktop | =4.0 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Desktop | =5.0 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Eus | =4.8 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Eus | =5.3 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Server | =4.0 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Server | =5.0 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Server Aus | =5.3 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Workstation | =4.0 | |
| Redhat Enterprise Linux Workstation | =5.0 |
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Reference Links
- http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2009-08/0174.html
- http://blog.cr0.org/2009/08/linux-null-pointer-dereference-due-to.html
- http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.4.37.y.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=c18d0fe535a73b219f960d1af3d0c264555a12e3
- http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=e694958388c50148389b0e9b9e9e8945cf0f1b98
- http://grsecurity.net/~spender/wunderbar_emporium.tgz
- http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2009-09/msg00001.html
- http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1222.html
- http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1223.html
- http://secunia.com/advisories/36278
- http://secunia.com/advisories/36289
- http://secunia.com/advisories/36327
- http://secunia.com/advisories/36430
- http://secunia.com/advisories/37298
- http://secunia.com/advisories/37471
- http://support.avaya.com/css/P8/documents/100067254
- http://wiki.rpath.com/wiki/Advisories:rPSA-2009-0121
- http://www.debian.org/security/2009/dsa-1865
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/19933
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/9477
- http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/ChangeLog-2.4.37.5
- http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ChangeLog-2.6.30.5
- http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/testing/ChangeLog-2.6.31-rc6
- http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:233
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/08/14/1
- http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2009-1233.html
- http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/505751/100/0/threaded
- http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/505912/100/0/threaded
- http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/507985/100/0/threaded
- http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/512019/100/0/threaded
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36038
- http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2009-0016.html
- http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/2272
- http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/3316
- http://zenthought.org/content/file/android-root-2009-08-16-source
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=516949
- https://issues.rpath.com/browse/RPL-3103
- https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11526
- https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11591
- https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A8657
- http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=e694958388c50148389b0e9b9e9e8945cf0f1b98
- http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.4.37.y.git;a=commit;h=c18d0fe535a73b219f960d1af3d0c264555a12e3
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36038/info
- http://www.centos.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=21740&forum=42
- http://www.linux-archive.org/centos/352108-kernel-null-pointer-vulnerability.html
- http://git.kernel.org/linus/e694958388c50148389b0e9b9e9e8945cf0f1b98
- http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.4.37.y.git;a=commitdiff_plain;h=c18d0fe535a73b219f960d1af3d0c264555a12e3
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c11
- http://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/kernel-2.6.29.6-217.2.7.fc11
- http://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/kernel-2.6.27.29-170.2.79.fc10
- http://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/kernel-2.6.30.5-28.rc2.fc11
- http://www.redhat.com/support
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c32
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c10
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c24
- http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/docs/DOC-18065
- http://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/kernel-2.6.30.5-32.fc11
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c42
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2009-2962
- http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2009-2962
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2009-2692
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c44
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c34
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c47
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c49
- https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1222.html
- https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1223.html
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=518034
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c43
- https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1233.html
- https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1239.html
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c63
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi/show_bug.cgi?id=516949#c64
- https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1457.html
- https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1469.html
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2009-2692 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-2692
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009:1239
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009:1233
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009:1223
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009:1469
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009:1222
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009:1457
- https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2009-2692.json
Parent vulnerabilities
(Appears in the following advisories)
- collector/nvd-historical
- collector/nvd-index
- agent/author
- agent/type
- agent/first-publish-date
- collector/redhat-bugzilla
- source/Red Hat
- alias/CVE-2009-2692
- collector/redhat-cve
- agent/software-canonical-lookup
- agent/references
- agent/event
- collector/nvd-api
- source/NVD
- agent/last-modified-date
- agent/remedy
- agent/weakness
- agent/severity
- agent/softwarecombine
- agent/tags
- agent/description
- collector/mitre-cve
- source/MITRE
- vendor/linux
- canonical/linux linux kernel
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.19
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.15
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.30-rc3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.27
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.16
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.15.3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.11
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.10
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.32
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.14.7
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.23
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.13
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.13.3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.8
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36.6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.26
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.18
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30-rc2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.14.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.14
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.18
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.10
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.12
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.14.3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30-rc3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.13
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.11
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.13
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.17
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.15
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.33.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.15.6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.15.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.21
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.14.5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.13.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.13.5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.7
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.11
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.25
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.14
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.25
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.31--pre1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.21
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.28
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.14.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.9
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.23
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.12.5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.15.7
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.29--rc2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.34
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.14.6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.12.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.9
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.30
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.28
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.35.3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.32--pre2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.0
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36.3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.13.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.24
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.10
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.12.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30-rc5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.26
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.30-rc2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.33
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.16
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.8
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.14
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.33.7
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.15.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.22
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.33.3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.29--rc1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.10
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.12.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.24
- canonical/linux kernel
- version/linux kernel/2.6.24.7
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.12.3
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.33.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.22
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36.7
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.15.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.17
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.12
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.27
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.33-p-re1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.12.6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.7
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.15
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.37.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.32--pre1
- version/linux kernel/2.6.25.15
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.14.2
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36.5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.33.5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30-rc6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.37--rc1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.29
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30-rc1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.4
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.19
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.20
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.12
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.16.20
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.15.5
- version/linux linux kernel/2.4.36.8
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.30-rc7-git6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.11.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.13.1
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6
- version/linux linux kernel/2.6.12
- package-manager/redhat
- vendor/debian
- canonical/debian debian linux
- version/debian debian linux/4.0
- vendor/suse
- canonical/suse linux enterprise real time
- version/suse linux enterprise real time/10
- vendor/redhat
- canonical/redhat enterprise linux desktop
- version/redhat enterprise linux desktop/4.0
- version/redhat enterprise linux desktop/5.0
- canonical/redhat enterprise linux eus
- version/redhat enterprise linux eus/4.8
- version/redhat enterprise linux eus/5.3
- canonical/redhat enterprise linux server
- version/redhat enterprise linux server/4.0
- version/redhat enterprise linux server/5.0
- canonical/redhat enterprise linux server aus
- version/redhat enterprise linux server aus/5.3
- canonical/redhat enterprise linux workstation
- version/redhat enterprise linux workstation/4.0
- version/redhat enterprise linux workstation/5.0