CVE-2022-23960
First published: Tue Mar 08 2022(Updated: )
Certain Arm Cortex and Neoverse processors through 2022-03-08 do not properly restrict cache speculation, aka Spectre-BHB. An attacker can leverage the shared branch history in the Branch History Buffer (BHB) to influence mispredicted branches. Then, cache allocation can allow the attacker to obtain sensitive information.
Credit: cve@mitre.org cve@mitre.org
| Affected Software | Affected Version | How to fix |
|---|---|---|
| redhat/kernel | <0:4.18.0-425.3.1.el8 | 0:4.18.0-425.3.1.el8 |
| Xen Xen | ||
| Arm Cortex-a57 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a65 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Cortex-a72 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a73 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a75 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a76 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Cortex-a77 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78ae | ||
| Arm Cortex-r7 | ||
| Arm Cortex-r8 | ||
| Arm Cortex-x1 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Neoverse-e1 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Neoverse N1 | ||
| Arm Neoverse N2 | ||
| Arm Cortex-r7 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-r8 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a57 Firmware | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Cortex-a65ae Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a710 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a72 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a73 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a75 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a76 Firmware | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Cortex-a77 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78ae Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-x1 Firmware | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Neoverse N1 Firmware | ||
| Arm Neoverse N2 Firmware | ||
| Debian Debian Linux | =9.0 | |
| Debian Debian Linux | =10.0 | |
| All of | ||
| Xen Xen | ||
| Any of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a57 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a65 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Cortex-a72 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a73 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a75 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a76 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Cortex-a77 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78 | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78ae | ||
| Arm Cortex-r7 | ||
| Arm Cortex-r8 | ||
| Arm Cortex-x1 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Neoverse-e1 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Neoverse N1 | ||
| Arm Neoverse N2 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-r7 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-r7 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-r8 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-r8 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a57 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a57 | ||
| All of | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Cortex-a65 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a65ae Firmware | ||
| Google Android | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a710 Firmware | ||
| Google Android | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a72 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a72 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a73 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a73 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a75 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a75 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a76 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a76 | ||
| All of | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Google Android | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a77 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a77 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78ae Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-a78ae | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Cortex-x1 Firmware | ||
| Arm Cortex-x1 | ||
| All of | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Google Android | ||
| All of | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Arm Neoverse-e1 | ||
| All of | ||
| Google Android | ||
| Google Android | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Neoverse N1 Firmware | ||
| Arm Neoverse N1 | ||
| All of | ||
| Arm Neoverse N2 Firmware | ||
| Arm Neoverse N2 | ||
| Google Android | ||
| ubuntu/linux | <4.15.0-184.194 | 4.15.0-184.194 |
| ubuntu/linux | <5.4.0-117.132 | 5.4.0-117.132 |
| ubuntu/linux | <5.13.0-35.40 | 5.13.0-35.40 |
| ubuntu/linux | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws | <4.15.0-1133.143 | 4.15.0-1133.143 |
| ubuntu/linux-aws | <5.4.0-1078.84 | 5.4.0-1078.84 |
| ubuntu/linux-aws | <5.13.0-1017.19 | 5.13.0-1017.19 |
| ubuntu/linux-aws | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.0 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.11 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.13 | <5.13.0-1017.19~20.04.1 | 5.13.0-1017.19~20.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.13 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.3 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.4 | <5.4.0-1078.84~18.04.1 | 5.4.0-1078.84~18.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.4 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-5.8 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-hwe | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-aws-hwe | <4.15.0-1133.143~16.04.1 | 4.15.0-1133.143~16.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure | <5.4.0-1083.87 | 5.4.0-1083.87 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure | <5.13.0-1017.19 | 5.13.0-1017.19 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure | <4.15.0-1142.156~14.04.1 | 4.15.0-1142.156~14.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure | <4.15.0-1142.156~16.04.1 | 4.15.0-1142.156~16.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-4.15 | <4.15.0-1142.156 | 4.15.0-1142.156 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-4.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-5.11 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-5.13 | <5.13.0-1017.19~20.04.1 | 5.13.0-1017.19~20.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-5.13 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-5.3 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-5.4 | <5.4.0-1083.87~18.04.1 | 5.4.0-1083.87~18.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-5.4 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-edge | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-fde | <5.4.0-1083.87 | 5.4.0-1083.87 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-fde | <5.15.0-1002.3 | 5.15.0-1002.3 |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-fde | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-bluefield | <5.4.0-1040.44 | 5.4.0-1040.44 |
| ubuntu/linux-bluefield | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-dell300x | <4.15.0-1047.52 | 4.15.0-1047.52 |
| ubuntu/linux-dell300x | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-fips | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-gke-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe | <4.15.0-184.194~16.04.1 | 4.15.0-184.194~16.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.11 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.13 | <5.13.0-35.40~20.04.1 | 5.13.0-35.40~20.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.13 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.4 | <5.4.0-117.132~18.04.1 | 5.4.0-117.132~18.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.4 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.8 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-ibm | <5.4.0-1026.29 | 5.4.0-1026.29 |
| ubuntu/linux-ibm | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.4 | <5.4.0-1028.32~18.04.1 | 5.4.0-1028.32~18.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.4 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-intel-5.13 | <5.13.0-1010.10 | 5.13.0-1010.10 |
| ubuntu/linux-intel-5.13 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | <5.15.0-1008.11~20.04.1 | 5.15.0-1008.11~20.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-kvm | <4.15.0-1119.123 | 4.15.0-1119.123 |
| ubuntu/linux-kvm | <5.4.0-1068.72 | 5.4.0-1068.72 |
| ubuntu/linux-kvm | <5.13.0-1016.17 | 5.13.0-1016.17 |
| ubuntu/linux-kvm | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-lowlatency | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-lts-xenial | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oem | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oem-5.10 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oem-5.13 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oem-5.14 | <5.14.0-1033.36 | 5.14.0-1033.36 |
| ubuntu/linux-oem-5.17 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oem-5.6 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oem-6.0 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oem-6.1 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oem-osp1 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle | <4.15.0-1098.108 | 4.15.0-1098.108 |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle | <5.4.0-1076.83 | 5.4.0-1076.83 |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle | <5.13.0-1021.26 | 5.13.0-1021.26 |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle | <4.15.0-1098.108~16.04.1 | 4.15.0-1098.108~16.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.0 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.11 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.13 | <5.13.0-1021.26~20.04.1 | 5.13.0-1021.26~20.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.13 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.15 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.3 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.4 | <5.4.0-1076.83~18.04.1 | 5.4.0-1076.83~18.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-raspi | <5.4.0-1065.75 | 5.4.0-1065.75 |
| ubuntu/linux-raspi | <5.13.0-1020.22 | 5.13.0-1020.22 |
| ubuntu/linux-raspi | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-raspi-5.4 | <5.4.0-1065.75~18.04.1 | 5.4.0-1065.75~18.04.1 |
| ubuntu/linux-raspi-5.4 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-raspi2 | <4.15.0-1114.122 | 4.15.0-1114.122 |
| ubuntu/linux-raspi2 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-raspi2-5.3 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-riscv | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.11 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.8 | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| ubuntu/linux-snapdragon | <4.15.0-1132.142 | 4.15.0-1132.142 |
| ubuntu/linux-snapdragon | <5.17~ | 5.17~ |
| debian/linux | 4.19.249-2 4.19.304-1 5.10.209-2 5.10.205-2 6.1.76-1 6.1.85-1 6.6.15-2 6.7.12-1 |
Remedy
Disabling unprivileged eBPF effectively mitigates the known attack vectors for exploiting intra-mode branch injections attacks. The default Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel prevents unprivileged users from being able to use eBPF by the kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled sysctl. For the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, the eBPF for unprivileged users is always disabled. For the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 to confirm the current state, inspect the sysctl with the command: # cat /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled The setting of 1 would mean that unprivileged users can not use eBPF, mitigating the flaw.
Remedy
To mitigate the primary known attack vector, disable unprivileged eBPF: $ sudo sysctl kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled=1 or $ sudo sysctl kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled=2
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Reference Links
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-23960 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23960 https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/speculative-processor-vulnerability/spectre-bhb
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2062284
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:7683
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2022-23960
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/18/2
- https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates
- https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/speculative-processor-vulnerability
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/07/msg00000.html
- https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5173
- https://launchpad.net/bugs/cve/CVE-2022-23960
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0930
- https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2023-01-01/#asterisk
- https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2023-01-01 (Advisory)
- https://www.vusec.net/projects/bhi-spectre-bhb/
- https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/speculative-processor-vulnerability/spectre-bhb
- https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ka004995/latest/
- https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/KnowledgeBase/BHI
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5317-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5318-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5362-1
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-23960
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23960
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-23960
- https://git.kernel.org/linus/1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2
- https://git.kernel.org/linus/228a26b912287934789023b4132ba76065d9491c|local-CVE-2022-23960-1
- https://git.kernel.org/linus/558c303c9734af5a813739cd284879227f7297d2|local-CVE-2022-23960-2
- https://git.kernel.org/linus/dee435be76f4117410bbd90573a881fd33488f37|local-CVE-2022-23960-3
- https://git.kernel.org/linus/b9baf5c8c5c356757f4f9d8180b5e9d234065bc3|f4ddacce54dcade3b999669745d5c38fa77af050
- https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2022-23960
- https://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-398.html
Parent vulnerabilities
(Appears in the following advisories)
- collector/redhat-cve
- collector/nvd-index
- agent/type
- collector/launchpad-cve
- source/Launchpad
- agent/author
- agent/first-publish-date
- agent/remedy
- agent/severity
- agent/description
- collector/nvd-cve
- source/NVD
- agent/software-canonical-lookup
- agent/event
- agent/last-modified-date
- agent/references
- agent/softwarecombine
- agent/tags
- collector/redhat-bugzilla
- source/Red Hat
- alias/CVE-2022-23960
- collector/android-source
- source/Android
- collector/usn-cve
- source/Ubuntu
- collector/security-tracker-debian
- source/Debian
- package-manager/redhat
- vendor/xen
- canonical/xen xen
- vendor/arm
- canonical/arm cortex-a57
- canonical/arm cortex-a65
- canonical/google android
- canonical/arm cortex-a72
- canonical/arm cortex-a73
- canonical/arm cortex-a75
- canonical/arm cortex-a76
- canonical/arm cortex-a77
- canonical/arm cortex-a78
- canonical/arm cortex-a78ae
- canonical/arm cortex-r7
- canonical/arm cortex-r8
- canonical/arm cortex-x1
- canonical/arm neoverse-e1
- canonical/arm neoverse n1
- canonical/arm neoverse n2
- canonical/arm cortex-r7 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-r8 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a57 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a65ae firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a710 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a72 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a73 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a75 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a76 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a77 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a78 firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-a78ae firmware
- canonical/arm cortex-x1 firmware
- canonical/arm neoverse n1 firmware
- canonical/arm neoverse n2 firmware
- vendor/debian
- canonical/debian debian linux
- version/debian debian linux/9.0
- version/debian debian linux/10.0
- vendor/google
- package-manager/ubuntu
- package-manager/debian