CVE-2025-21811: nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references

Q: What is the severity of CVE-2025-21811?

CVE-2025-21811 has been classified with a severity level that highlights its potential risk to system stability and data integrity.

Q: How do I fix CVE-2025-21811?

To fix CVE-2025-21811, update your Linux kernel to a version that includes the applicable patches for this vulnerability.

Q: What is the impact of CVE-2025-21811 on Linux kernel users?

The impact of CVE-2025-21811 on Linux kernel users involves possible data corruption due to improper access to buffers without sufficient locking.

Q: Which versions of the Linux kernel are affected by CVE-2025-21811?

CVE-2025-21811 affects certain versions of the Linux kernel prior to the implementation of protective measures in the released patches.

Q: Is there a workaround for CVE-2025-21811 until a fix is applied?

Currently, no specific workaround is recommended for CVE-2025-21811 until an official fix has been implemented.

Published Feb 27, 2025

Updated

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references

nilfslookupdirtydatabuffers(), which iterates through the buffers attached to dirty data folios/pages, accesses the attached buffers without locking the folios/pages.

For data cache, nilfsclearfoliodirty() may be called asynchronously when the file system degenerates to read only, so nilfslookupdirtydatabuffers() still has the potential to cause use after free issues when buffers lose the protection of their dirty state midway due to this asynchronous clearing and are unintentionally freed by trytofreebuffers().

Eliminate this race issue by adjusting the lock section in this function.

Affected Software

216 affected componentsFixes available

Linux Linux kernel

Linux Linux kernel>=3.10<5.4.291

Linux Linux kernel>=5.5<5.10.235

Linux Linux kernel>=5.11<5.15.179

Linux Linux kernel>=5.16<6.1.129

Linux Linux kernel>=6.2<6.6.76

Linux Linux kernel>=6.7<6.12.13

Linux Linux kernel>=6.13<6.13.2

ubuntu/linux*

ubuntu/linux-aws<4.4.0-1150.156

4.4.0-1150.156

ubuntu/linux-azure<4.15.0-1195.210~14.04.1

4.15.0-1195.210~14.04.1

ubuntu/linux-lts-xenial<4.4.0-276.310~14.04.1

4.4.0-276.310~14.04.1

ubuntu/linux<4.4.0-276.310

4.4.0-276.310

ubuntu/linux-aws<4.4.0-1188.203

4.4.0-1188.203

ubuntu/linux-aws-hwe<4.15.0-1187.200~16.04.1

4.15.0-1187.200~16.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure<4.15.0-1195.210~16.04.1

4.15.0-1195.210~16.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gcp<4.15.0-1180.197~16.04.1

4.15.0-1180.197~16.04.1

ubuntu/linux-hwe<4.15.0-245.257~16.04.1

4.15.0-245.257~16.04.1

ubuntu/linux-kvm<4.4.0-1151.162

4.4.0-1151.162

ubuntu/linux-oracle<4.15.0-1149.160~16.04.1

4.15.0-1149.160~16.04.1

ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge*

ubuntu/linux-fips<4.4.0-1120.127

4.4.0-1120.127

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux<4.15.0-245.257

4.15.0-245.257

ubuntu/linux-aws<4.15.0-1187.200

4.15.0-1187.200

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.0*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.4<5.4.0-1146.156~18.04.1

5.4.0-1146.156~18.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure*

ubuntu/linux-azure-4.15<4.15.0-1195.210

4.15.0-1195.210

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.4<5.4.0-1151.158~18.04.1

5.4.0-1151.158~18.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-edge*

ubuntu/linux-gcp*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-4.15<4.15.0-1180.197

4.15.0-1180.197

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.4<5.4.0-1149.158~18.04.1

5.4.0-1149.158~18.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gke-4.15*

ubuntu/linux-gke-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-hwe*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.4<5.4.0-216.236~18.04.1

5.4.0-216.236~18.04.1

ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge*

ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.4<5.4.0-1092.97~18.04.1

5.4.0-1092.97~18.04.1

ubuntu/linux-kvm<4.15.0-1169.174

4.15.0-1169.174

ubuntu/linux-oem*

ubuntu/linux-oracle<4.15.0-1149.160

4.15.0-1149.160

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.0*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.4<5.4.0-1144.154~18.04.1

5.4.0-1144.154~18.04.1

ubuntu/linux-raspi-5.4<5.4.0-1129.142~18.04.1

5.4.0-1129.142~18.04.1

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<4.15.0-2125.131

4.15.0-2125.131

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<4.15.0-2104.110

4.15.0-2104.110

ubuntu/linux-fips<4.15.0-1142.154

4.15.0-1142.154

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<4.15.0-2088.94

4.15.0-2088.94

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux<5.4.0-216.236

5.4.0-216.236

ubuntu/linux-aws<5.4.0-1146.156

5.4.0-1146.156

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.15<5.15.0-1084.91~20.04.1

5.15.0-1084.91~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure<5.4.0-1151.158

5.4.0-1151.158

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.15<5.15.0-1089.98~20.04.1

5.15.0-1089.98~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-bluefield<5.4.0-1105.112

5.4.0-1105.112

ubuntu/linux-gcp<5.4.0-1149.158

5.4.0-1149.158

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.15<5.15.0-1083.92~20.04.1

5.15.0-1083.92~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-ibm<5.4.0-1092.97

5.4.0-1092.97

ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.15<5.15.0-1076.79~20.04.1

5.15.0-1076.79~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg-5.15<5.15.0-1079.85~20.04.1

5.15.0-1079.85~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-kvm<5.4.0-1133.142

5.4.0-1133.142

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15<5.15.0-140.150~20.04.1

5.15.0-140.150~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-oracle<5.4.0-1144.154

5.4.0-1144.154

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.15<5.15.0-1081.87~20.04.1

5.15.0-1081.87~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-raspi<5.4.0-1129.142

5.4.0-1129.142

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.15<5.15.0-1079.83~20.04.1

5.15.0-1079.83~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-xilinx-zynqmp<5.4.0-1064.68

5.4.0-1064.68

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-gke*

ubuntu/linux-gke-5.15*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop-5.15*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.15<5.15.0-142.152~20.04.1

5.15.0-142.152~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-intel-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-iot<5.4.0-1051.54

5.4.0-1051.54

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15<5.15.0-1039.39~20.04.1

5.15.0-1039.39~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.10*

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.6*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-raspi2*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<5.4.0-1146.156+fips1

5.4.0-1146.156+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<5.4.0-1151.158+fips1

5.4.0-1151.158+fips1

ubuntu/linux-fips<5.4.0-1120.130

5.4.0-1120.130

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<5.4.0-1149.158+fips1

5.4.0-1149.158+fips1

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux<5.15.0-140.150

5.15.0-140.150

ubuntu/linux-allwinner-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-aws<5.15.0-1084.91

5.15.0-1084.91

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.8<6.8.0-1032.34~22.04.1

6.8.0-1032.34~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure<5.15.0-1089.98

5.15.0-1089.98

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.8<6.8.0-1034.39~22.04.1

6.8.0-1034.39~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde<5.15.0-1089.98.1

5.15.0-1089.98.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-gcp<5.15.0-1083.92

5.15.0-1083.92

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.8<6.8.0-1033.35~22.04.1

6.8.0-1033.35~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gke<5.15.0-1081.87

5.15.0-1081.87

ubuntu/linux-gkeop<5.15.0-1066.74

5.15.0-1066.74

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.8<6.8.0-64.67~22.04.1

6.8.0-64.67~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-ibm<5.15.0-1076.79

5.15.0-1076.79

ubuntu/linux-ibm-6.8<6.8.0-1029.29~22.04.1

6.8.0-1029.29~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-intel-iot-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg<5.15.0-1079.85

5.15.0-1079.85

ubuntu/linux-kvm<5.15.0-1080.85

5.15.0-1080.85

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency<5.15.0-140.150

5.15.0-140.150

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8<6.8.0-64.67.1~22.04.1

6.8.0-64.67.1~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia<5.15.0-1078.79

5.15.0-1078.79

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.8<6.8.0-1031.34~22.04.1

6.8.0-1031.34~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra<5.15.0-1037.37

5.15.0-1037.37

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-igx<5.15.0-1026.26

5.15.0-1026.26

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.17*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.0*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.1*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-oracle<5.15.0-1081.87

5.15.0-1081.87

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.8<6.8.0-1029.30~22.04.1

6.8.0-1029.30~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-raspi<5.15.0-1078.81

5.15.0-1078.81

ubuntu/linux-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.8<6.8.0-64.67~22.04.1

6.8.0-64.67~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-starfive-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-starfive-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-starfive-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx-zynqmp<5.15.0-1050.54

5.15.0-1050.54

ubuntu/linux-bluefield<5.15.0-1066.68

5.15.0-1066.68

ubuntu/linux-intel-iot-realtime<5.15.0-1077.79

5.15.0-1077.79

ubuntu/linux-realtime<5.15.0-1084.93

5.15.0-1084.93

ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.8<6.8.1-1025.26~22.04.1

6.8.1-1025.26~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<5.15.0-1084.91+fips1

5.15.0-1084.91+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<5.15.0-1089.98+fips1

5.15.0-1089.98+fips1

ubuntu/linux-fips<5.15.0-140.150+fips1

5.15.0-140.150+fips1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<5.15.0-1083.92+fips1

5.15.0-1083.92+fips1

ubuntu/linux<6.8.0-64.67

6.8.0-64.67

ubuntu/linux-aws<6.8.0-1032.34

6.8.0-1032.34

ubuntu/linux-azure<6.8.0-1034.39

6.8.0-1034.39

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.11<6.11.0-1015.15~24.04.1

6.11.0-1015.15~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-nvidia<6.8.0-1022.23

6.8.0-1022.23

ubuntu/linux-gcp<6.8.0-1033.35

6.8.0-1033.35

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.11<6.11.0-1015.15~24.04.1

6.11.0-1015.15~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gke<6.8.0-1028.32

6.8.0-1028.32

ubuntu/linux-gkeop<6.8.0-1015.17

6.8.0-1015.17

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.11<6.11.0-26.26~24.04.1

6.11.0-26.26~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-ibm<6.8.0-1029.29

6.8.0-1029.29

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency<6.8.0-64.67.1

6.8.0-64.67.1

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11<6.11.0-1014.15~24.04.1

6.11.0-1014.15~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia<6.8.0-1031.34

6.8.0-1031.34

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.11<6.11.0-1010.10

6.11.0-1010.10

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-lowlatency<6.8.0-1031.34.1

6.8.0-1031.34.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra<6.8.0-1008.8

6.8.0-1008.8

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.11<6.11.0-1022.22

6.11.0-1022.22

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.8<6.8.0-1031.31

6.8.0-1031.31

ubuntu/linux-oracle<6.8.0-1029.30

6.8.0-1029.30

ubuntu/linux-raspi<6.8.0-1031.35

6.8.0-1031.35

ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx<6.8.0-1017.18

6.8.0-1017.18

ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime<6.8.0-2026.27

6.8.0-2026.27

ubuntu/linux-realtime<6.8.1-1025.26

6.8.1-1025.26

ubuntu/linux-fips<6.8.0-78.78+fips1

6.8.0-78.78+fips1

ubuntu/linux-vmware*

Remediation

Recommended actions to resolve this vulnerability, in priority order.

Upgrade
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Fixed in 4.4.0-1150.156
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1195.210~14.04.1
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Fixed in 4.4.0-276.310~14.04.1
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Fixed in 4.4.0-276.310
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Fixed in 4.4.0-1188.203
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws-hwe to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 4.15.0-1187.200~16.04.1
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1195.210~16.04.1
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1180.197~16.04.1
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Fixed in 4.15.0-245.257~16.04.1
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Fixed in 4.4.0-1151.162
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1149.160~16.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 4.4.0-1120.127
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 4.15.0-245.257
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1187.200
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws-5.4 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.4.0-1146.156~18.04.1
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1195.210
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1151.158~18.04.1
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1180.197
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1149.158~18.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-216.236~18.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1092.97~18.04.1
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1169.174
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1149.160
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1144.154~18.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1129.142~18.04.1
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Fixed in 4.15.0-2125.131
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Fixed in 4.15.0-2104.110
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Fixed in 4.15.0-1142.154
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Fixed in 4.15.0-2088.94
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Fixed in 5.4.0-216.236
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.4.0-1146.156
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1084.91~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1151.158
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1089.98~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1105.112
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1149.158
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1083.92~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1092.97
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1076.79~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1079.85~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1133.142
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Fixed in 5.15.0-140.150~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1144.154
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1081.87~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1129.142
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1079.83~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1064.68
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Fixed in 5.15.0-142.152~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1051.54
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1039.39~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1146.156+fips1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1151.158+fips1
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1120.130
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Fixed in 5.4.0-1149.158+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-140.150
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1084.91
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1032.34~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1089.98
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1034.39~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1089.98.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1083.92
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1033.35~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1081.87
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1066.74
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Fixed in 6.8.0-64.67~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1076.79
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1029.29~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1079.85
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1080.85
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Fixed in 5.15.0-140.150
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Fixed in 6.8.0-64.67.1~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1078.79
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1031.34~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1037.37
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1026.26
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1081.87
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1029.30~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1078.81
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Fixed in 6.8.0-64.67~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1050.54
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1066.68
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1077.79
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1084.93
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Fixed in 6.8.1-1025.26~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1084.91+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1089.98+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-140.150+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1083.92+fips1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-64.67
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1032.34
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1034.39
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Fixed in 6.11.0-1015.15~24.04.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1022.23
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1033.35
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Fixed in 6.11.0-1015.15~24.04.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1028.32
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1015.17
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Fixed in 6.11.0-26.26~24.04.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1029.29
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Fixed in 6.8.0-64.67.1
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Fixed in 6.11.0-1014.15~24.04.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1031.34
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Fixed in 6.11.0-1010.10
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1031.34.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1008.8
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Fixed in 6.11.0-1022.22
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1031.31
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1029.30
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1031.35
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1017.18
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Fixed in 6.8.0-2026.27
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Fixed in 6.8.1-1025.26
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Fixed in 6.8.0-78.78+fips1
Compensating control
In nilfs_lookup_dirty_data_buffers(), lock each folio/page before accessing its attached buffers, protecting buffers whose dirty-state protection may be cleared asynchronously.

Event History

Feb 27, 2025

CVE Published

via MITRE·08:01 PM

Data Sourced

via MITRE·08:01 PM

DescriptionSeverity

Data Sourced

via OSV·08:16 PM

DescriptionSeverityAffected Software

Data Sourced

via NVD·08:16 PM

RemedyDescriptionSeverityWeaknessAffected Software

May 5, 2025

Data Sourced

via Microsoft·07:00 AM

DescriptionSeverityWeakness

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-21811?

CVE-2025-21811 has been classified with a severity level that highlights its potential risk to system stability and data integrity.

How do I fix CVE-2025-21811?

To fix CVE-2025-21811, update your Linux kernel to a version that includes the applicable patches for this vulnerability.

What is the impact of CVE-2025-21811 on Linux kernel users?

The impact of CVE-2025-21811 on Linux kernel users involves possible data corruption due to improper access to buffers without sufficient locking.

Which versions of the Linux kernel are affected by CVE-2025-21811?

CVE-2025-21811 affects certain versions of the Linux kernel prior to the implementation of protective measures in the released patches.

Is there a workaround for CVE-2025-21811 until a fix is applied?

Currently, no specific workaround is recommended for CVE-2025-21811 until an official fix has been implemented.

CVE-2025-21811: nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references

Affected Software

Remediation

Event History

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-21811?

How do I fix CVE-2025-21811?

What is the impact of CVE-2025-21811 on Linux kernel users?

Which versions of the Linux kernel are affected by CVE-2025-21811?

Is there a workaround for CVE-2025-21811 until a fix is applied?

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