CVE-2025-39726: s390/ism: fix concurrency management in ism_cmd()

Q: What is the severity of CVE-2025-39726?

CVE-2025-39726 has been assigned a moderate severity level due to its impact on concurrency management in the ISM function of the Linux kernel.

Q: How do I fix CVE-2025-39726?

To mitigate CVE-2025-39726, update the Linux kernel to the latest stable version where the vulnerability has been patched.

Q: What systems are affected by CVE-2025-39726?

CVE-2025-39726 affects systems running the Linux kernel that utilize the s390x ISM device.

Q: What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-39726?

CVE-2025-39726 is a concurrency management vulnerability found in the Linux kernel's ISM command handling.

Q: When was CVE-2025-39726 resolved?

CVE-2025-39726 was resolved with the release of a patch in the Linux kernel after it was identified.

Published Sep 5, 2025

Updated

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

s390/ism: fix concurrency management in ismcmd()

The s390x ISM device data sheet clearly states that only one request-response sequence is allowable per ISM function at any point in time. Unfortunately as of today the s390/ism driver in Linux does not honor that requirement. This patch aims to rectify that.

This problem was discovered based on Aliaksei's bug report which states that for certain workloads the ISM functions end up entering error state (with PEC 2 as seen from the logs) after a while and as a consequence connections handled by the respective function break, and for future connection requests the ISM device is not considered -- given it is in a dysfunctional state. During further debugging PEC 3A was observed as well.

A kernel message like [ 1211.244319] zpci: 061a:00:00.0: Event 0x2 reports an error for PCI function 0x61a is a reliable indicator of the stated function entering error state with PEC 2. Let me also point out that a kernel message like [ 1211.244325] zpci: 061a:00:00.0: The ism driver bound to the device does not support error recovery is a reliable indicator that the ISM function won't be auto-recovered because the ISM driver currently lacks support for it.

On a technical level, without this synchronization, commands (inputs to the FW) may be partially or fully overwritten (corrupted) by another CPU trying to issue commands on the same function. There is hard evidence that this can lead to DMB token values being used as DMB IOVAs, leading to PEC 2 PCI events indicating invalid DMA. But this is only one of the failure modes imaginable. In theory even completely losing one command and executing another one twice and then trying to interpret the outputs as if the command we intended to execute was actually executed and not the other one is also possible. Frankly, I don't feel confident about providing an exhaustive list of possible consequences.

Affected Software

218 affected componentsFixes available

Linux Linux kernel

Microsoft azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-1

Microsoft azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2

Patch available

Linux Linux kernel>=4.19<6.6.101

Linux Linux kernel>=6.7<6.12.41

Linux Linux kernel>=6.13<6.15.9

Linux Linux kernel=6.16-rc1

Linux Linux kernel=6.16-rc2

Linux Linux kernel=6.16-rc3

Linux Linux kernel=6.16-rc4

Linux Linux kernel=6.16-rc5

Linux Linux kernel=6.16-rc6

Linux Linux kernel=6.16-rc7

debian/linux*

debian/linux<6.12.41-1

6.12.41-1

debian/linux<6.16.3-1

6.16.3-1

linux/kernel>=4.19.0<6.1.191

6.1.191

linux/kernel>=6.2.0<6.6.101

6.6.101

linux/kernel>=6.7.0<6.12.41

6.12.41

linux/kernel>=6.13.0<6.15.9

6.15.9

debian/linux<=6.1.176-1, <=6.1.190-1

6.12.107-16.12.115-27.2.12-17.2.15-1

ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.0*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-azure*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-azure-edge*

ubuntu/linux-gcp*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-gke-4.15*

ubuntu/linux-gke-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-hwe*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge*

ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-oem*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.0*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-raspi-5.4*

ubuntu/linux*

ubuntu/linux-aws*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.15<5.15.0-1119.126~20.04.1

5.15.0-1119.126~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-azure*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.15<5.15.0-1125.134~20.04.1

5.15.0-1125.134~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-5.15<5.15.0-1124.133~20.04.1

5.15.0-1124.133~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-bluefield*

ubuntu/linux-gcp*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.15<5.15.0-1120.130~20.04.1

5.15.0-1120.130~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-gke*

ubuntu/linux-gke-5.15*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop-5.15*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.15<5.15.0-202.212~20.04.1

5.15.0-202.212~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-ibm*

ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.15<5.15.0-1113.117~20.04.1

5.15.0-1113.117~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-intel-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg-5.15<5.15.0-1114.120~20.04.1

5.15.0-1114.120~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-iot*

ubuntu/linux-kvm*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15<5.15.0-197.207~20.04.1

5.15.0-197.207~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15<5.15.0-1070.72~20.04.1

5.15.0-1070.72~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.10*

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.6*

ubuntu/linux-oracle*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.15<5.15.0-1116.122~20.04.1

5.15.0-1116.122~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-raspi*

ubuntu/linux-raspi2*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.15<5.15.0-1113.117~20.04.2

5.15.0-1113.117~20.04.2

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx-zynqmp*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux*

ubuntu/linux-allwinner-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-aws<5.15.0-1119.126

5.15.0-1119.126

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.8<6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1

6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure<5.15.0-1125.134

5.15.0-1125.134

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.8<6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1

6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde<5.15.0-1124.133

5.15.0-1124.133

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.8<6.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1

6.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gcp<5.15.0-1120.130

5.15.0-1120.130

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.8<6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2

6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2

ubuntu/linux-gke<5.15.0-1115.121

5.15.0-1115.121

ubuntu/linux-gkeop<5.15.0-1102.110

5.15.0-1102.110

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.8<6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1

6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-ibm<5.15.0-1113.117

5.15.0-1113.117

ubuntu/linux-ibm-6.8<6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1

6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-intel-iot-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg<5.15.0-1114.120

5.15.0-1114.120

ubuntu/linux-kvm<5.15.0-1111.116

5.15.0-1111.116

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency<5.15.0-197.207

5.15.0-197.207

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8<6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1

6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia<5.15.0-1114.115

5.15.0-1114.115

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.8<6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1

6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra<5.15.0-1070.72

5.15.0-1070.72

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-igx<5.15.0-1059.59

5.15.0-1059.59

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.17*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.0*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.1*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-oracle<5.15.0-1116.122

5.15.0-1116.122

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.8<6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1

6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-raspi*

ubuntu/linux-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.8<6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1

6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-starfive-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-starfive-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-starfive-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx-zynqmp*

ubuntu/linux-bluefield<5.15.0-1103.105

5.15.0-1103.105

ubuntu/linux-intel-iot-realtime<5.15.0-1111.115

5.15.0-1111.115

ubuntu/linux-realtime<5.15.0-1118.127

5.15.0-1118.127

ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.8<6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1

6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<5.15.0-1119.126+fips1

5.15.0-1119.126+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<5.15.0-1125.134+fips1

5.15.0-1125.134+fips1

ubuntu/linux-fips<5.15.0-202.212+fips1

5.15.0-202.212+fips1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<5.15.0-1120.130+fips1

5.15.0-1120.130+fips1

ubuntu/linux<6.8.0-100.100

6.8.0-100.100

ubuntu/linux-aws<6.8.0-1046.49

6.8.0-1046.49

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.14<6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1

6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure<6.8.0-1046.52

6.8.0-1046.52

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.14<6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1

6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde<6.8.0-1046.53

6.8.0-1046.53

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-azure-nvidia*

ubuntu/linux-azure-nvidia-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-gcp<6.8.0-1047.50

6.8.0-1047.50

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.14<6.14.0-1020.21~24.04.1

6.14.0-1020.21~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gke<6.8.0-1043.48

6.8.0-1043.48

ubuntu/linux-gkeop<6.8.0-1030.33

6.8.0-1030.33

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-ibm<6.8.0-1044.44

6.8.0-1044.44

ubuntu/linux-intel*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency<6.8.0-100.100.1

6.8.0-100.100.1

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia<6.8.0-1046.49

6.8.0-1046.49

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-lowlatency<6.8.0-1046.49.1

6.8.0-1046.49.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra<6.8.0-1020.20

6.8.0-1020.20

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.14<6.14.0-1016.16

6.14.0-1016.16

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.8*

ubuntu/linux-oracle<6.8.0-1043.44

6.8.0-1043.44

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.14<6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1

6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-raspi<6.8.0-1047.51

6.8.0-1047.51

ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.14<6.14.0-36.36.1~24.04.1

6.14.0-36.36.1~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-xilinx<6.8.0-1023.24

6.8.0-1023.24

ubuntu/linux-bluefield<6.8.0-1016.20

6.8.0-1016.20

ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime<6.8.0-2037.38

6.8.0-2037.38

ubuntu/linux-realtime<6.8.1-1041.42

6.8.1-1041.42

ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.14<6.14.0-1016.16~24.04.1

6.14.0-1016.16~24.04.1

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<6.8.0-1046.49+fips1

6.8.0-1046.49+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<6.8.0-1046.52+fips1

6.8.0-1046.52+fips1

ubuntu/linux-fips<6.8.0-100.100+fips1

6.8.0-100.100+fips1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<6.8.0-1047.50+fips1

6.8.0-1047.50+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde*

Remediation

Recommended actions to resolve this vulnerability, in priority order.

Upgrade
Upgrade debian/linux to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.12.41-1
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Fixed in 6.16.3-1
Upgrade
Upgrade linux/Kernel to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.1.191
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Fixed in 6.6.101
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Fixed in 6.12.41
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Upgrade linux/Kernel to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.15.9
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Fixed in 6.12.107-1Fixed in 6.12.115-2Fixed in 7.2.12-1Fixed in 7.2.15-1
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1119.126~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1125.134~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1124.133~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1120.130~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-202.212~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1113.117~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1114.120~20.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-197.207~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1070.72~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1116.122~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1113.117~20.04.2
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1119.126
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws-6.8 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1125.134
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1124.133
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.8 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1120.130
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1115.121
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1102.110
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Fixed in 6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1113.117
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1114.120
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1111.116
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Fixed in 5.15.0-197.207
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Fixed in 6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1114.115
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1070.72
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1059.59
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1116.122
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1103.105
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1111.115
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1118.127
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.8 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1119.126+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1125.134+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-202.212+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1120.130+fips1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-100.100
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.49
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Fixed in 6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.52
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Fixed in 6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.53
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1047.50
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Fixed in 6.14.0-1020.21~24.04.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1043.48
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1030.33
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1044.44
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Fixed in 6.8.0-100.100.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.49
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.49.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1020.20
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Fixed in 6.14.0-1016.16
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1043.44
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.14 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-raspi to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1047.51
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.14 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.14.0-36.36.1~24.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-xilinx to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1023.24
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-bluefield to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1016.20
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-2037.38
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-realtime to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.1-1041.42
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.14 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.14.0-1016.16~24.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.49+fips1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-azure-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1046.52+fips1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-100.100+fips1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1047.50+fips1

Event History

Sep 5, 2025

CVE Published

via MITRE·05:27 PM

Data Sourced

via MITRE·05:27 PM

DescriptionSeverity

Data Sourced

via OSV·05:27 PM

DescriptionSeverityAffected Software

Data Sourced

via NVD·06:15 PM

RemedyDescriptionSeverityWeaknessAffected Software

Sep 7, 2025

Data Sourced

via Microsoft·01:02 AM

DescriptionSeverityWeaknessAffected Software

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-39726?

CVE-2025-39726 has been assigned a moderate severity level due to its impact on concurrency management in the ISM function of the Linux kernel.

How do I fix CVE-2025-39726?

To mitigate CVE-2025-39726, update the Linux kernel to the latest stable version where the vulnerability has been patched.

What systems are affected by CVE-2025-39726?

CVE-2025-39726 affects systems running the Linux kernel that utilize the s390x ISM device.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-39726?

CVE-2025-39726 is a concurrency management vulnerability found in the Linux kernel's ISM command handling.

When was CVE-2025-39726 resolved?

CVE-2025-39726 was resolved with the release of a patch in the Linux kernel after it was identified.

CVE-2025-39726: s390/ism: fix concurrency management in ism_cmd()

Affected Software

Remediation

Event History

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-39726?

How do I fix CVE-2025-39726?

What systems are affected by CVE-2025-39726?

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-39726?

When was CVE-2025-39726 resolved?

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