CVE-2025-39949: qed: Don't collect too many protection override GRC elements

Published Oct 4, 2025

Updated

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

qed: Don't collect too many protection override GRC elements

In the protection override dump path, the firmware can return far too many GRC elements, resulting in attempting to write past the end of the previously-kmalloc'ed dump buffer.

This will result in a kernel panic with reason:

BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ADDRESS

where "ADDRESS" is just past the end of the protection override dump buffer. The start address of the buffer is: phwfn->cdev->dbgfeatures[DBGFEATUREPROTECTIONOVERRIDE].dumpbuf and the size of the buffer is bufsize in the same data structure.

The panic can be arrived at from either the qede Ethernet driver path:

[exception RIP: qedgrcdumpaddrrange+0x108] qedprotectionoverridedump at ffffffffc02662ed [qed] qeddbgprotectionoverridedump at ffffffffc0267792 [qed] qeddbgfeature at ffffffffc026aa8f [qed] qeddbgalldata at ffffffffc026b211 [qed] qedfwfatalreporterdump at ffffffffc027298a [qed] devlinkhealthdodump at ffffffff82497f61 devlinkhealthreport at ffffffff8249cf29 qedreportfatalerror at ffffffffc0272baf [qed] qedesptask at ffffffffc045ed32 [qede] processonework at ffffffff81d19783

or the qedf storage driver path:

[exception RIP: qedgrcdumpaddrrange+0x108] qedprotectionoverridedump at ffffffffc068b2ed [qed] qeddbgprotectionoverridedump at ffffffffc068c792 [qed] qeddbgfeature at ffffffffc068fa8f [qed] qeddbgalldata at ffffffffc0690211 [qed] qedfwfatalreporterdump at ffffffffc069798a [qed] devlinkhealthdodump at ffffffff8aa95e51 devlinkhealthreport at ffffffff8aa9ae19 qedreportfatalerror at ffffffffc0697baf [qed] qedhwerrnotify at ffffffffc06d32d7 [qed] qedspqpost at ffffffffc06b1011 [qed] qedfcoedestroyconn at ffffffffc06b2e91 [qed] qedfcleanupfcport at ffffffffc05e7597 [qedf] qedfrporteventhandler at ffffffffc05e7bf7 [qedf] fcrportwork at ffffffffc02da715 [libfc] processonework at ffffffff8a319663

Resolve this by clamping the firmware's return value to the maximum number of legal elements the firmware should return.

Affected Software

213 affected componentsFixes available

Linux Linux kernel

Microsoft azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2

Microsoft azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4

Patch available

Linux Linux kernel>=4.18<5.10.245

Linux Linux kernel>=5.11<5.15.194

Linux Linux kernel>=5.16<6.1.154

Linux Linux kernel>=6.2<6.6.108

Linux Linux kernel>=6.7<6.12.49

Linux Linux kernel>=6.13<6.16.9

Linux Linux kernel=6.17-rc1

Linux Linux kernel=6.17-rc2

Linux Linux kernel=6.17-rc3

Linux Linux kernel=6.17-rc4

Linux Linux kernel=6.17-rc5

Linux Linux kernel=6.17-rc6

ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.0*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-azure*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-azure-edge*

ubuntu/linux-gcp*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-gke-4.15*

ubuntu/linux-gke-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-hwe*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge*

ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-oem*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.0*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-raspi-5.4*

ubuntu/linux*

ubuntu/linux-aws*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.15<5.15.0-1100.107~20.04.2

5.15.0-1100.107~20.04.2

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-azure*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.15<5.15.0-1110.119~20.04.1

5.15.0-1110.119~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde*

ubuntu/linux-bluefield*

ubuntu/linux-gcp*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.15<5.15.0-1100.109~20.04.1

5.15.0-1100.109~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-gke*

ubuntu/linux-gke-5.15*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop-5.15*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.15<5.15.0-170.180~20.04.3

5.15.0-170.180~20.04.3

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-ibm*

ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.15<5.15.0-1094.97~20.04.1

5.15.0-1094.97~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-intel-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg-5.15<5.15.0-1095.101~20.04.1

5.15.0-1095.101~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-iot*

ubuntu/linux-kvm*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15<5.15.0-170.180~20.04.1

5.15.0-170.180~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15<5.15.0-1052.52~20.04.2

5.15.0-1052.52~20.04.2

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.10*

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.6*

ubuntu/linux-oracle*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.15<5.15.0-1097.103~20.04.1

5.15.0-1097.103~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-raspi*

ubuntu/linux-raspi2*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.15<5.15.0-1095.99~20.04.1

5.15.0-1095.99~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx-zynqmp*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux<5.15.0-170.180

5.15.0-170.180

ubuntu/linux-allwinner-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-aws<5.15.0-1100.107

5.15.0-1100.107

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.8<6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1

6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure<5.15.0-1109.118

5.15.0-1109.118

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.8<6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1

6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde<5.15.0-1109.118.1

5.15.0-1109.118.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.8<6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1

6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gcp<5.15.0-1100.109

5.15.0-1100.109

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.8<6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1

6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gke<5.15.0-1096.102

5.15.0-1096.102

ubuntu/linux-gkeop<5.15.0-1083.91

5.15.0-1083.91

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.8<6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1

6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-ibm<5.15.0-1094.97

5.15.0-1094.97

ubuntu/linux-ibm-6.8<6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1

6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-intel-iot-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg<5.15.0-1095.101

5.15.0-1095.101

ubuntu/linux-kvm<5.15.0-1092.97

5.15.0-1092.97

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency<5.15.0-170.180

5.15.0-170.180

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8<6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1

6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia<5.15.0-1095.96

5.15.0-1095.96

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.8<6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1

6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra<5.15.0-1052.52

5.15.0-1052.52

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-igx<5.15.0-1041.41

5.15.0-1041.41

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.17*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.0*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.1*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-oracle<5.15.0-1097.103

5.15.0-1097.103

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.8<6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1

6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-raspi<5.15.0-1097.100

5.15.0-1097.100

ubuntu/linux-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.8<6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1

6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-starfive-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-starfive-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-starfive-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx-zynqmp<5.15.0-1064.68

5.15.0-1064.68

ubuntu/linux-bluefield<5.15.0-1084.86

5.15.0-1084.86

ubuntu/linux-intel-iot-realtime<5.15.0-1092.94

5.15.0-1092.94

ubuntu/linux-realtime<5.15.0-1099.108

5.15.0-1099.108

ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.8<6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1

6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<5.15.0-1100.107+fips1

5.15.0-1100.107+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<5.15.0-1109.118+fips1

5.15.0-1109.118+fips1

ubuntu/linux-fips<5.15.0-170.180+fips1

5.15.0-170.180+fips1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<5.15.0-1100.109+fips1

5.15.0-1100.109+fips1

ubuntu/linux<6.8.0-106.106

6.8.0-106.106

ubuntu/linux-aws<6.8.0-1050.53

6.8.0-1050.53

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-azure<6.8.0-1051.57

6.8.0-1051.57

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde<6.8.0-1058.65

6.8.0-1058.65

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-azure-nvidia*

ubuntu/linux-azure-nvidia-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-gcp<6.8.0-1052.55

6.8.0-1052.55

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-gke<6.8.0-1048.53

6.8.0-1048.53

ubuntu/linux-gkeop<6.8.0-1035.38

6.8.0-1035.38

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-ibm<6.8.0-1049.49

6.8.0-1049.49

ubuntu/linux-intel*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency<6.8.0-106.106.1

6.8.0-106.106.1

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia<6.8.0-1049.52

6.8.0-1049.52

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-lowlatency<6.8.0-1049.52.1

6.8.0-1049.52.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra<6.8.0-1020.20

6.8.0-1020.20

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.8*

ubuntu/linux-oracle<6.8.0-1047.48

6.8.0-1047.48

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-raspi<6.8.0-1050.54

6.8.0-1050.54

ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx<6.8.0-1028.29

6.8.0-1028.29

ubuntu/linux-bluefield<6.8.0-1017.21

6.8.0-1017.21

ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime<6.8.0-2040.41

6.8.0-2040.41

ubuntu/linux-realtime<6.8.1-1045.46

6.8.1-1045.46

ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<6.8.0-1050.53+fips1

6.8.0-1050.53+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<6.8.0-1052.58+fips1

6.8.0-1052.58+fips1

ubuntu/linux-fips<6.8.0-106.106+fips1

6.8.0-106.106+fips1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<6.8.0-1052.55+fips1

6.8.0-1052.55+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde*

debian/linux

6.1.176-16.1.190-16.12.107-16.12.115-27.2.15-17.3.3-1

Remediation

Recommended actions to resolve this vulnerability, in priority order.

Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.107~20.04.2
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-azure-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1110.119~20.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.109~20.04.1
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180~20.04.3
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1094.97~20.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1095.101~20.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180~20.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1052.52~20.04.2
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1097.103~20.04.1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.15 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1095.99~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.107
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws-6.8 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1109.118
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1109.118.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.109
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1096.102
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1083.91
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Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1094.97
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1095.101
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1092.97
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Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1095.96
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1052.52
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1041.41
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1097.103
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1097.100
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Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1064.68
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1084.86
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1092.94
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-realtime to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1099.108
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.8 to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.107+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1109.118+fips1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180+fips1
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.109+fips1
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1050.53
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-azure to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1051.57
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-azure-fde to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1058.65
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-gcp to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1052.55
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-gke to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1048.53
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1035.38
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.49
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-lowlatency to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.52
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-nvidia-lowlatency to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.52.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1020.20
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-oracle to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1047.48
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1050.54
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-xilinx to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1028.29
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Upgrade ubuntu/linux-bluefield to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1017.21
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Fixed in 6.8.0-2040.41
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-realtime to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.1-1045.46
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-aws-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1050.53+fips1
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-azure-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1052.58+fips1
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106+fips1
Upgrade
Upgrade ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.8.0-1052.55+fips1
Upgrade
Upgrade debian/linux to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.1.176-1Fixed in 6.1.190-1Fixed in 6.12.107-1Fixed in 6.12.115-2Fixed in 7.2.15-1Fixed in 7.3.3-1
Compensating control
In the qed protection override dump path, clamp the firmware's returned GRC element count to the maximum number of legal elements before writing to p_hwfn->cdev->dbg_features[DBG_FEATURE_PROTECTION_OVERRIDE].dump_buf, whose size is buf_size.

Event History

Oct 4, 2025

CVE Published

via MITRE·07:31 AM

Data Sourced

via MITRE·07:31 AM

DescriptionSeverity

Data Sourced

via OSV·08:15 AM

DescriptionSeverityAffected Software

Data Sourced

via NVD·08:15 AM

RemedyDescriptionSeverityAffected Software

Oct 5, 2025

Data Sourced

via Microsoft·01:02 AM

DescriptionSeverityWeakness

Data Sourced

via Microsoft·01:02 AM

Affected Software

Parent advisories

This vulnerability appears in the following advisories.

DSA-6053

Peer vulnerabilities

Found alongside the following vulnerabilities.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-39949?

CVE-2025-39949 is classified as a vulnerability in the Linux kernel that can lead to potential system instability.

How do I fix CVE-2025-39949?

To fix CVE-2025-39949, update the Linux kernel to the latest stable version that includes the security patch.

What does CVE-2025-39949 affect?

CVE-2025-39949 affects systems running the Linux kernel, particularly in its handling of protection override GRC elements.

Can CVE-2025-39949 lead to data loss?

Yes, CVE-2025-39949 can potentially lead to data corruption or loss by writing past allocated memory limits.

What are the symptoms of CVE-2025-39949 exploitation?

Symptoms may include system crashes, unexpected behavior, or performance degradation in affected systems.

CVE-2025-39949: qed: Don't collect too many protection override GRC elements

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-39949?

How do I fix CVE-2025-39949?

What does CVE-2025-39949 affect?

Can CVE-2025-39949 lead to data loss?

What are the symptoms of CVE-2025-39949 exploitation?

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