CVE-2025-39980: nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group

Q: What is the severity of CVE-2025-39980?

CVE-2025-39980 has a medium severity level due to its potential impact on network configuration integrity.

Q: How do I fix CVE-2025-39980?

To fix CVE-2025-39980, update your Linux kernel to the latest patched version provided by your distribution.

Q: What does CVE-2025-39980 affect?

CVE-2025-39980 affects the Linux kernel, specifically related to the management of nexthop groups.

Q: Can CVE-2025-39980 lead to exploitations?

While CVE-2025-39980 does not directly lead to system compromise, it can disrupt network operations if not addressed.

Q: How can I determine if my system is vulnerable to CVE-2025-39980?

You can check your kernel version against the patched versions for CVE-2025-39980 provided by your Linux distribution.

Published Oct 15, 2025

Updated

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group

The kernel forbids the creation of non-FDB nexthop groups with FDB nexthops:

# ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.1 fdb # ip nexthop add id 2 group 1 Error: Non FDB nexthop group cannot have fdb nexthops.

And vice versa:

# ip nexthop add id 3 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1 # ip nexthop add id 4 group 3 fdb Error: FDB nexthop group can only have fdb nexthops.

However, as long as no routes are pointing to a non-FDB nexthop group, the kernel allows changing the type of a nexthop from FDB to non-FDB and vice versa:

# ip nexthop add id 5 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1 # ip nexthop add id 6 group 5 # ip nexthop replace id 5 via 192.0.2.2 fdb # echo $? 0

This configuration is invalid and can result in a NPD [1] since FDB nexthops are not associated with a nexthop device:

# ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 6 # ping 198.51.100.1

Fix by preventing nexthop FDB status change while the nexthop is in a group:

# ip nexthop add id 7 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1 # ip nexthop add id 8 group 7 # ip nexthop replace id 7 via 192.0.2.2 fdb Error: Cannot change nexthop FDB status while in a group.

[1] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000003c0 [...] Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 367 Comm: ping Not tainted 6.17.0-rc6-virtme-gb65678cacc03 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:fiblookupgoodnhc+0x1e/0x80 [...] Call Trace: <TASK> fibtablelookup+0x541/0x650 iprouteoutputkeyhashrcu+0x2ea/0x970 iprouteoutputkeyhash+0x55/0x80 ip4datagramconnect+0x250/0x330 udpconnect+0x2b/0x60 sysconnect+0x9c/0xd0 x64sysconnect+0x18/0x20 dosyscall64+0xa4/0x2a0 entrySYSCALL64afterhwframe+0x4b/0x53

Affected Software

182 affected componentsFixes available

Linux Linux kernel

Microsoft azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2

Microsoft azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4

Patch available

ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.0*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-azure*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-azure-edge*

ubuntu/linux-gcp*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-gke-4.15*

ubuntu/linux-gke-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop-5.4*

ubuntu/linux-hwe*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-edge*

ubuntu/linux-oem*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.0*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.3*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.15<5.15.0-1100.107~20.04.2

5.15.0-1100.107~20.04.2

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.15<5.15.0-1110.119~20.04.1

5.15.0-1110.119~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.15<5.15.0-1100.109~20.04.1

5.15.0-1100.109~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-gke*

ubuntu/linux-gke-5.15*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop*

ubuntu/linux-gkeop-5.15*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.15<5.15.0-170.180~20.04.3

5.15.0-170.180~20.04.3

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-ibm-5.15<5.15.0-1094.97~20.04.1

5.15.0-1094.97~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-intel-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg-5.15<5.15.0-1095.101~20.04.1

5.15.0-1095.101~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15<5.15.0-170.180~20.04.1

5.15.0-170.180~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15<5.15.0-1052.52~20.04.2

5.15.0-1052.52~20.04.2

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.10*

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.6*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.13*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.15<5.15.0-1097.103~20.04.1

5.15.0-1097.103~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-oracle-5.8*

ubuntu/linux-raspi2*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.11*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.15<5.15.0-1095.99~20.04.1

5.15.0-1095.99~20.04.1

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.8*

ubuntu/linux<5.15.0-170.180

5.15.0-170.180

ubuntu/linux-allwinner-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-aws<5.15.0-1100.107

5.15.0-1100.107

ubuntu/linux-aws-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.8<6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1

6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure<5.15.0-1109.118

5.15.0-1109.118

ubuntu/linux-azure-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.8<6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1

6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde<5.15.0-1109.118.1

5.15.0-1109.118.1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.8<6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1

6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gcp<5.15.0-1100.109

5.15.0-1100.109

ubuntu/linux-gcp-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.8<6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1

6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-gke<5.15.0-1096.102

5.15.0-1096.102

ubuntu/linux-gkeop<5.15.0-1083.91

5.15.0-1083.91

ubuntu/linux-hwe-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.8<6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1

6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-ibm<5.15.0-1094.97

5.15.0-1094.97

ubuntu/linux-ibm-6.8<6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1

6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-intel-iot-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-intel-iotg<5.15.0-1095.101

5.15.0-1095.101

ubuntu/linux-kvm<5.15.0-1092.97

5.15.0-1092.97

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency<5.15.0-170.180

5.15.0-170.180

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8<6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1

6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia<5.15.0-1095.96

5.15.0-1095.96

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.8<6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1

6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra<5.15.0-1052.52

5.15.0-1052.52

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra-igx<5.15.0-1041.41

5.15.0-1041.41

ubuntu/linux-oem-5.17*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.0*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.1*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-oracle<5.15.0-1097.103

5.15.0-1097.103

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.8<6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1

6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-raspi<5.15.0-1097.100

5.15.0-1097.100

ubuntu/linux-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.8<6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1

6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-starfive-5.19*

ubuntu/linux-starfive-6.2*

ubuntu/linux-starfive-6.5*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx-zynqmp<5.15.0-1064.68

5.15.0-1064.68

ubuntu/linux-bluefield<5.15.0-1084.86

5.15.0-1084.86

ubuntu/linux-intel-iot-realtime<5.15.0-1092.94

5.15.0-1092.94

ubuntu/linux-realtime<5.15.0-1099.108

5.15.0-1099.108

ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.8<6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1

6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips*

ubuntu/linux-fips*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<5.15.0-1100.107+fips1

5.15.0-1100.107+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<5.15.0-1109.118+fips1

5.15.0-1109.118+fips1

ubuntu/linux-fips<5.15.0-170.180+fips1

5.15.0-170.180+fips1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<5.15.0-1100.109+fips1

5.15.0-1100.109+fips1

ubuntu/linux<6.8.0-106.106

6.8.0-106.106

ubuntu/linux-aws<6.8.0-1050.53

6.8.0-1050.53

ubuntu/linux-aws-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-azure<6.8.0-1051.57

6.8.0-1051.57

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-azure-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde<6.8.0-1058.65

6.8.0-1058.65

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-azure-nvidia*

ubuntu/linux-azure-nvidia-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-gcp<6.8.0-1052.55

6.8.0-1052.55

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-gcp-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-gke<6.8.0-1048.53

6.8.0-1048.53

ubuntu/linux-gkeop<6.8.0-1035.38

6.8.0-1035.38

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-hwe-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-ibm<6.8.0-1049.49

6.8.0-1049.49

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency<6.8.0-106.106.1

6.8.0-106.106.1

ubuntu/linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia<6.8.0-1049.52

6.8.0-1049.52

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-lowlatency<6.8.0-1049.52.1

6.8.0-1049.52.1

ubuntu/linux-nvidia-tegra<6.8.0-1020.20

6.8.0-1020.20

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.11*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-oem-6.8*

ubuntu/linux-oracle<6.8.0-1047.48

6.8.0-1047.48

ubuntu/linux-oracle-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-raspi<6.8.0-1050.54

6.8.0-1050.54

ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-realtime*

ubuntu/linux-riscv*

ubuntu/linux-riscv-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-xilinx<6.8.0-1028.29

6.8.0-1028.29

ubuntu/linux-bluefield<6.8.0-1017.21

6.8.0-1017.21

ubuntu/linux-raspi-realtime<6.8.0-2040.41

6.8.0-2040.41

ubuntu/linux-realtime<6.8.1-1045.46

6.8.1-1045.46

ubuntu/linux-realtime-6.14*

ubuntu/linux-aws-fips<6.8.0-1050.53+fips1

6.8.0-1050.53+fips1

ubuntu/linux-azure-fips<6.8.0-1052.58+fips1

6.8.0-1052.58+fips1

ubuntu/linux-fips<6.8.0-106.106+fips1

6.8.0-106.106+fips1

ubuntu/linux-gcp-fips<6.8.0-1052.55+fips1

6.8.0-1052.55+fips1

ubuntu/linux<6.17.0-6.6

6.17.0-6.6

ubuntu/linux-aws<6.17.0-1003.3

6.17.0-1003.3

ubuntu/linux-azure<6.17.0-1006.6

6.17.0-1006.6

ubuntu/linux-azure-fde*

ubuntu/linux-gcp<6.17.0-1003.3

6.17.0-1003.3

ubuntu/linux-oracle<6.17.0-1003.3

6.17.0-1003.3

ubuntu/linux-raspi<6.17.0-1004.4

6.17.0-1004.4

ubuntu/linux-realtime<6.17.0-1002.3

6.17.0-1002.3

ubuntu/linux-riscv<6.17.0-6.6.1

6.17.0-6.6.1

debian/linux

6.1.176-16.1.190-16.12.107-16.12.115-27.2.15-17.3.3-1

Remediation

Recommended actions to resolve this vulnerability, in priority order.

Upgrade
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.107~20.04.2
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1110.119~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.109~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180~20.04.3
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1094.97~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1095.101~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1052.52~20.04.2
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1097.103~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1095.99~20.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.107
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1109.118
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1109.118.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.109
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1096.102
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1083.91
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Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1094.97
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1095.101
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1092.97
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Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180
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Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1095.96
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1052.52
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1041.41
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1097.103
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1097.100
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Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1064.68
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1084.86
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1092.94
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1099.108
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Fixed in 6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.107+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1109.118+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-170.180+fips1
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Fixed in 5.15.0-1100.109+fips1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1050.53
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1051.57
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1058.65
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1052.55
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1048.53
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1035.38
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.49
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Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.52
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1049.52.1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1020.20
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1047.48
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1050.54
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1028.29
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1017.21
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Fixed in 6.8.0-2040.41
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Fixed in 6.8.1-1045.46
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1050.53+fips1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1052.58+fips1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-106.106+fips1
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Fixed in 6.8.0-1052.55+fips1
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Fixed in 6.17.0-6.6
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Fixed in 6.17.0-1003.3
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Fixed in 6.17.0-1006.6
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Fixed in 6.17.0-1003.3
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Fixed in 6.17.0-1003.3
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Fixed in 6.17.0-1004.4
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Fixed in 6.17.0-1002.3
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Fixed in 6.17.0-6.6.1
Upgrade
Upgrade debian/linux to a version that resolves this vulnerability.
Fixed in 6.1.176-1Fixed in 6.1.190-1Fixed in 6.12.107-1Fixed in 6.12.115-2Fixed in 7.2.15-1Fixed in 7.3.3-1
Compensating control
Prevent changing a nexthop's FDB status while the nexthop is in a group; reject attempts such as replacing a grouped nexthop with or without the `fdb` status.

Event History

Oct 15, 2025

CVE Published

via MITRE·07:56 AM

Data Sourced

via MITRE·07:56 AM

Description

Data Sourced

via OSV·08:15 AM

DescriptionSeverityAffected Software

Event

via OSV·08:15 AM

Data Sourced

via NVD·08:15 AM

Description

Oct 16, 2025

Data Sourced

via Microsoft·01:02 AM

DescriptionSeverityWeaknessAffected Software

Parent advisories

This vulnerability appears in the following advisories.

DSA-6053

Peer vulnerabilities

Found alongside the following vulnerabilities.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-39980?

CVE-2025-39980 has a medium severity level due to its potential impact on network configuration integrity.

How do I fix CVE-2025-39980?

To fix CVE-2025-39980, update your Linux kernel to the latest patched version provided by your distribution.

What does CVE-2025-39980 affect?

CVE-2025-39980 affects the Linux kernel, specifically related to the management of nexthop groups.

Can CVE-2025-39980 lead to exploitations?

While CVE-2025-39980 does not directly lead to system compromise, it can disrupt network operations if not addressed.

How can I determine if my system is vulnerable to CVE-2025-39980?

You can check your kernel version against the patched versions for CVE-2025-39980 provided by your Linux distribution.

CVE-2025-39980: nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group

Affected Software

Remediation

Event History

Parent advisories

Peer vulnerabilities

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-39980?

How do I fix CVE-2025-39980?

What does CVE-2025-39980 affect?

Can CVE-2025-39980 lead to exploitations?

How can I determine if my system is vulnerable to CVE-2025-39980?

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Resources

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