CVE-2025-4235: User-ID Credential Agent: Cleartext Exposure of Service Account password (Severity: MEDIUM)

Published Sep 10, 2025
·
Updated

An information exposure vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks User-ID Credential Agent (Windows-based) can expose the service account password under specific non-default configurations. This allows an unprivileged Domain User to escalate privileges by exploiting the account’s permissions. The impact varies by configuration:

Minimally Privileged Accounts: Enable disruption of User-ID Credential Agent operations (e.g., uninstalling or disabling the agent service), weakening network security policies that leverage Credential Phishing Prevention (https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/advanced-url-filtering/administration/url-filtering-features/credential-phishing-prevention) under a Domain Credential Filter (https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/advanced-url-filtering/administration/url-filtering-features/credential-phishing-prevention/methods-to-check-for-corporate-credential-submissions) configuration. Elevated Accounts (Server Operator, Domain Join, Legacy Features): Permit increased impacts, including server control (e.g., shutdown/restart), domain manipulation (e.g., rogue computer objects), and network compromise via reconnaissance or client probing.

Other sources

An information exposure vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks User-ID Credential Agent (Windows-based) can expose the service account password under specific non-default configurations. This allows an unprivileged Domain User to escalate privileges by exploiting the account’s permissions. The impact varies by configuration: Minimally Privileged Accounts: Enable disruption of User-ID Credential Agent operations (e.g., uninstalling or disabling the agent service), weakening network security policies that leverage Credential Phishing Prevention https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/advanced-url-filtering/administration/url-filtering-features/credential-phishing-prevention under a Domain Credential Filter https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/advanced-url-filtering/administration/url-filtering-features/credential-phishing-prevention/methods-to-check-for-corporate-credential-submissions configuration. Elevated Accounts (Server Operator, Domain Join, Legacy Features): Permit increased impacts, including server control (e.g., shutdown/restart), domain manipulation (e.g., rogue computer objects), and network compromise via reconnaissance or client probing.

MITRE

Affected Software

2 affected components
All of the following
Palo Alto Networks User-ID Credential Agent
Microsoft Windows*

Remediation

Mitigation

* By default, Domain Users cannot log in to Domain Controllers. However, this can be changed through Group Policy. To reduce privilege escalation risks, review the "Allow log on locally" setting in the Default Domain Controllers Policy and remove any Domain Users listed there. Windows Server 2019 and 2022 path: * Group Policy Management > Domain Controllers > Select GPO (Edit) > Computer Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment > "Allow log on locally". * Refer to the "Create a Dedicated Service Account for the User-ID Agent (https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/9-1/pan-os-admin/user-id/map-ip-addresses-to-users/create-a-dedicated-service-account-for-the-user-id-agent)" and "Configure Credential Detection with the Windows User-ID Agent (https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/advanced-url-filtering/administration/url-filtering-features/credential-phishing-prevention/configure-credential-detection-with-the-windows-based-user-id-agent)" guidelines to ensure service accounts are configured with appropriate permissions and restrictions.

Information

VERSION MINOR VERSION SUGGESTED SOLUTION User-ID Credential Agent 11.0 on Windows 11.0.2-133 Upgrade to 11.0.3 or later   11.0.0 through 11.0.1-104 No action needed.

Event History

Sep 10, 2025
Advisory Published
via Palo Alto Networks·04:00 PM
Data Sourced
via Palo Alto Networks·04:00 PM
RemedyDescriptionSeverityWeaknessAffected Software
Sep 12, 2025
CVE Published
via MITRE·05:16 PM
Data Sourced
via MITRE·05:16 PM
DescriptionWeakness
Data Sourced
via NVD·06:15 PM
DescriptionSeverityWeakness
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Frequently Asked Questions

1

What is the severity of CVE-2025-4235?

CVE-2025-4235 has been categorized as a high severity vulnerability due to its potential to expose sensitive credentials.

2

How do I fix CVE-2025-4235?

To mitigate CVE-2025-4235, ensure that the User-ID Credential Agent is configured with the default security best practices to avoid exposing service account passwords.

3

Who is affected by CVE-2025-4235?

CVE-2025-4235 affects users of the Palo Alto Networks User-ID Credential Agent when specific non-default configurations are applied.

4

What are the potential consequences of CVE-2025-4235?

Exploitation of CVE-2025-4235 may allow unprivileged Domain Users to escalate privileges by accessing the service account password.

5

Can CVE-2025-4235 be exploited remotely?

CVE-2025-4235 requires specific local conditions and configurations to be exploited, making remote exploitation less likely.

Contact

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