CVE-2026-106451: yawkat LZ4 Java: Native library extraction to a shared temporary directory is vulnerable to file replacement by another local user

Summary

When no system-installed liblz4-java is found, net.jpountz.util.Native.load() extracts the bundled native library to java.io.tmpdir and loads it with System.load. The path of the extracted library can be predicted before it is created, and the library file is opened without exclusive creation. Another local user who can write to the same temporary directory can therefore create the file first and control the code that is loaded.

Details

java tempLibLock = File.createTempFile("liblz4-java-", "." + os().libExtension + ".lck"); tempLib = new File(tempLibLock.getAbsolutePath().replaceFirst(".lck$", "")); // copy to tempLib try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(tempLib)) { ... } ... System.load(tempLib.getAbsolutePath());

Only the .lck file is created safely, with a random name and exclusive creation. The library path is the .lck name without the .lck suffix, and nothing reserves it. new FileOutputStream(tempLib) opens it with OCREAT|OTRUNC and follows symlinks.

In a shared, world-writable temporary directory, another user can watch for the .lck file and create the corresponding library file before it is opened. If they win that race, they own the file. The victim then writes into the attacker-owned file, and the attacker can overwrite it again before System.load.

Whether this can be exploited depends on the host:

- With fs.protectedregular = 0, the attacker can pre-create a world-writable file, and their code is then loaded into the victim's JVM. - With fs.protectedregular >= 1 (the default on many systemd-based distributions), the victim's open fails. The library then fails to load and the library falls back to the Java implementations, so the attacker can only cause a denial of service. - A symlink variant is blocked by fs.protectedsymlinks = 1. - Temporary directories without the sticky bit, or shared across users in containers, are exploitable whatever these settings are.

This behaviour was introduced upstream in commit c3ddae5 (lz4-java 1.7.0), which swapped which of the two files is created with createTempFile.

Impact

A local user who can write to the same temporary directory as a victim process that uses the bundled JNI library may be able to execute code as the victim. Exploitation requires a shared temporary directory, host settings that permit it, and winning a race.

The issue does not apply if liblz4-java is found on java.library.path, if java.io.tmpdir is private to the user (for example systemd PrivateTmp, or a per-user temporary directory), or if only the Java implementations are used.

Patch

Fixed in lz4-java 1.11.4. The native library is now extracted directly into a file created by File.createTempFile, which has a random name and is created exclusively, so a file or symlink planted in advance cannot be reused. The .lck lock files are no longer used. Instead, the startup cleanup removes stale liblz4-java- temporary files (including .lck files left by older versions) only once they are more than one hour old.

For older versions, the workaround is to set java.io.tmpdir to a directory writable only by the application user, or install liblz4-java on java.library.path.