CVE-2026-118778: Forge: TLS client crash when the server sends no certificate

Summary The forge TLS client's check for a missing server certificate read the wrong property and never ran. A malicious TLS server, or an on-path attacker who removes the server's Certificate message, can make connection.process() throw a TypeError, which crashes applications that use the forge TLS client. Fixed in node-forge 1.4.1.

Details After ServerHelloDone, tls.handleServerHelloDone() in lib/tls.js is meant to reject a server that sent no certificate with a fatal insufficientsecurity alert, after consulting the application's verify callback. The check tested c.serverCertificate, which is never set (the certificate is stored as c.session.serverCertificate), so it never ran. The client state machine allows ServerHelloDone directly after ServerHello, so the handshake continued to tls.createClientKeyExchange(), which reads c.session.serverCertificate.publicKey and throws a TypeError on the null certificate. The exception propagates out of connection.process() without calling the verify or error callbacks.

There is no authentication bypass: without a server certificate the client cannot build its RSA key exchange, so the handshake cannot complete.

The fix reads c.session.serverCertificate and always fails the handshake in that case, still calling verify so the application can customize the alert. Failing even when verify returns true is needed because the key exchange requires the certificate.

Patches Fixed in node-forge 1.4.1. The TLS client fails the handshake with an insufficientsecurity alert when the server sends no certificate.

Workarounds Catch exceptions thrown by connection.process() in the code that feeds it network data, and close the connection when one occurs.

Credits Reported by @arpitjain099.

Proof of concept Connect a forge TLS client (forge.tls.createConnection({server: false, ...})) to a server whose first flight contains ServerHello and ServerHelloDone but no Certificate message. For example, run a forge TLS server and remove the Certificate handshake message (type 11) from its first flight before passing it to the client's process().

On 1.4.0 the client's process() throws "TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'publicKey')", and the verify and error callbacks are not called. On 1.4.1 the client calls verify with insufficientsecurity and no certificates, calls error with "No server certificate provided. Not enough security.", sends a fatal alert and closes the connection.

Regression tests are in tests/unit/tls.js ("missing server certificate").

Impact Applications that use the forge TLS client (forge.tls.createConnection with server: false) are affected. A malicious server the application connects to, or an on-path attacker who can modify the unauthenticated handshake, can make the client throw from connection.process(). Since process() is normally called from a socket data handler, the uncaught exception terminates a Node.js process. There is no confidentiality or integrity impact. Applications using Node.js's own TLS implementation are not affected.