CVE-2026-35196: Chamilo LMS has OS Command Injection via export_all_certificates action

Chamilo LMS is an open-source learning management system. In versions prior to 2.0.0-RC.3, an OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the main/inc/ajax/gradebook.ajax.php endpoint within the exportallcertificates action, where the course code retrieved from the session variable $SESSION['cid'] via apigetcourseid() is concatenated directly into a shellexec() command string without sanitization or escaping using escapeshellarg(). If an attacker can manipulate or poison their session data to inject shell metacharacters into the cid variable, they can achieve arbitrary command execution on the underlying server. Successful exploitation grants full access to read system files and credentials, alters the application and database, or disrupts server availability. This issue has been fixed in version 2.0.0-RC.3.