CVE-2026-41174: Traefik Kubernetes CRD allows unauthorized cross-namespace middleware binding

Summary

There is a vulnerability in Traefik's Kubernetes CRD provider cross-namespace isolation enforcement.

When providers.kubernetesCRD.allowCrossNamespace=false, Traefik correctly rejects direct cross-namespace middleware references from IngressRoute objects, but fails to apply the same restriction to middleware references nested inside a Chain middleware's spec.chain.middlewares[]. An actor with permission to create or update Traefik CRDs in their own namespace can exploit this to cause Traefik to resolve and apply middleware objects from another namespace, bypassing the documented isolation boundary.

Patches

- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v2.11.43 - https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.14 - https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.0-rc.2

For more information

If there are any questions or comments about this advisory, please open an issue.

<details> <summary>Original Description</summary>

Summary When providers.kubernetesCRD.allowCrossNamespace=false, Traefik still allows a namespace-local Middleware of type Chain to reference middleware objects from another namespace via spec.chain.middlewares[].namespace.

This bypasses the documented cross-namespace restriction and allows an actor with permission to create or update Traefik CRDs in namespace A to bind middleware defined in namespace B to routes in namespace A.

Details Traefik documents allowCrossNamespace as the control that governs whether IngressRoute objects may reference resources in other namespaces.

Direct middleware references from IngressRoute.routes[].middlewares[] are validated in pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kuberneteshttp.go by makeMiddlewareKeys(...), which rejects cross-namespace references when allowCrossNamespace is disabled.

However, nested middleware references inside Middleware.spec.chain.middlewares[] follow a different code path. createChainMiddleware(...) in pkg/provider/kubernetes/crd/kubernetes.go does not receive or enforce allowCrossNamespace; it resolves mi.Namespace (or defaults to the current namespace) and appends makeID(ns, mi.Name) unconditionally.

At runtime, pkg/server/middleware/middlewares.go qualifies and builds config.Chain.Middlewares, so the cross-namespace middleware is actually loaded and used.

This was verified on the current master at commit 786f7192e11878dfaa634f8263bf79bb730a71cb.

This appears related to earlier cross-namespace hardening work, but the surviving issue is a distinct nested Chain middleware code path rather than the already-guarded direct reference path.

Expected behavior When providers.kubernetesCRD.allowCrossNamespace=false, any middleware reference that resolves to an object in another namespace should be rejected, whether referenced directly from an IngressRoute or indirectly through a local Chain middleware.

Actual behavior A namespace-local Chain middleware can reference spec.chain.middlewares[].namespace in another namespace, and Traefik resolves and applies that middleware even when cross-namespace references are disabled.

Attacker prerequisites The attacker must have permission to create or update Traefik CRDs in a namespace they control, but does not need permission to modify resources in the target namespace.

PoC 1. Run Traefik with the Kubernetes CRD provider and set allowCrossNamespace: false.

2. Create two namespaces, for example default and cross-ns.

3. Apply a middleware in cross-ns:

yaml apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1 kind: Middleware metadata: name: victim-strip namespace: cross-ns spec: stripPrefix: prefixes: - /secret

4. Apply a chain middleware in default that references the middleware above:

yaml apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1 kind: Middleware metadata: name: mychain namespace: default spec: chain: middlewares: - name: victim-strip namespace: cross-ns

5. Apply an IngressRoute in default that references only the local mychain middleware:

yaml apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1 kind: IngressRoute metadata: name: demo namespace: default spec: entryPoints: - web routes: - match: Host(example.test) && PathPrefix(/demo) kind: Rule middlewares: - name: mychain services: - name: whoami port: 80

6. Observe that Traefik accepts the configuration and resolves the resulting chain to the middleware from cross-ns even though allowCrossNamespace is disabled.

7. As a control, replace the local chain reference in the IngressRoute with a direct cross-namespace middleware reference. That direct reference is rejected when allowCrossNamespace=false, which indicates the bypass is specific to nested Chain middleware resolution.

Impact

This is an authorization / trust-boundary bypass in Traefik's Kubernetes CRD provider.

Clusters that rely on providers.kubernetesCRD.allowCrossNamespace=false for namespace isolation are affected. An actor who is allowed to create or update Traefik CRDs in their own namespace can still cause Traefik to apply middleware from another namespace by referencing it indirectly through a local Chain middleware.

The practical impact depends on which middleware objects exist in the other namespace, but this can allow unauthorized reuse of security-sensitive or policy-bearing middleware across namespace boundaries. Examples include request modification, header manipulation, authentication or forward-auth related behavior, and other traffic-handling policies that were intended to remain namespace-scoped.

Testers have not verified unauthenticated remote compromise, code execution, or universal cross-tenant data exposure. The core issue is that a documented isolation control can be bypassed through the nested Chain middleware reference path.

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