CVE-2026-46066: ceph: fix num_ops off-by-one when crypto allocation fails
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ceph: fix numops off-by-one when crypto allocation fails
movedirtyfolioinpagearray() may fail if the file is encrypted, the dirty folio is not the first in the batch, and it fails to allocate a bounce buffer to hold the ciphertext. When that happens, cephprocessfoliobatch() simply redirties the folio and flushes the current batch -- it can retry that folio in a future batch.
However, if this failed folio is not contiguous with the last folio that did make it into the batch, then cephprocessfoliobatch() has already incremented cephwbc->numops; because it doesn't follow through and add the discontiguous folio to the array, cephsubmitwrite() -- which expects that cephwbc->numops accurately reflects the number of contiguous ranges (and therefore the required number of "write extent" ops) in the writeback -- will panic the kernel:
BUGON(cephwbc->opidx + 1 != req->rnumops);
This issue can be reproduced on affected kernels by writing to fscrypt-enabled CephFS file(s) with a 4KiB-written/4KiB-skipped/repeat pattern (total filesize should not matter) and gradually increasing the system's memory pressure until a bounce buffer allocation fails.
Fix this crash by decrementing cephwbc->numops back to the correct value when movedirtyfolioinpagearray() fails, but the folio already started counting a new (i.e. still-empty) extent.
The defect corrected by this patch has existed since 2022 (see first Fixes:), but another bug blocked multi-folio encrypted writeback until recently (see second Fixes:). The second commit made it into 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and 7.0-rc1, unmasking the panic in those versions. This patch therefore fixes a regression (panic) introduced by cac190c7674f.
Affected Software
Remediation
Recommended actions to resolve this vulnerability, in priority order.
- Upgrade
Upgrade
Linux kernelto a version that resolves this vulnerability.Fixed in 6.19.6 - Upgrade
Upgrade
Linux kernelto a version that resolves this vulnerability.Fixed in 7.0-rc1 - Upgrade
Upgrade
Linux kernelto a version that resolves this vulnerability.Fixed in 6.18.16
Event History
Frequently Asked Questions
Which systems are exposed to this issue?
The affected scenario requires CephFS files protected with fscrypt. Exploitation is local and requires low privileges according to the CVSS vector, along with the ability to write the relevant files.
What conditions trigger the kernel panic?
A dirty folio that is not first in a batch must fail crypto bounce-buffer allocation and be discontiguous from the preceding folio in the batch. The issue can be reproduced by writing an fscrypt-enabled CephFS file in a repeating 4 KiB written, 4 KiB skipped pattern while gradually increasing memory pressure.
What is the observable impact?
The system can panic in ceph_submit_write() when its expected write-operation count does not match the number of submitted operations. The reported assertion is BUG_ON(ceph_wbc->op_idx + 1 != req->r_num_ops).
What can be done before a fix is applied?
Avoid the stated trigger conditions where possible: writes to fscrypt-enabled CephFS files using alternating sparse 4 KiB write/skip patterns, particularly under increasing memory pressure. This reduces exposure to the documented reproduction path.