CVE-2026-59876: protobufjs: Text Format string map parsing can mutate returned map object prototype

Summary

The protobuf.js text format extension parsed string-keyed map entries using ordinary property assignment. A text-format map entry with key proto could therefore change the prototype of the returned map object instead of creating an own map entry.

This affected the optional Text Format extension. Other protobufjs input paths, including binary decode, fromObject, and ProtoJSON conversion, are not affected.

Impact

An attacker who can provide protobuf text-format input parsed by an application using protobufjs/ext/textformat may be able to create message objects whose string-keyed map fields have attacker-controlled prototypes.

This is per-object prototype mutation, not global Object.prototype pollution. Impact depends on downstream application logic treating inherited properties as meaningful, for example by using in, truthiness checks, or direct property access on parsed map objects instead of own-property checks.

Applications that do not parse untrusted Text Format input, or that do not use inherited properties from parsed map objects in security-relevant logic, are not directly affected.

Preconditions

The application must parse attacker-controlled protobuf Text Format input with protobufjs/ext/textformat. The target schema must contain a string-keyed map field. The crafted input must provide a map entry with key proto. Downstream application logic must treat inherited properties on the returned map object as meaningful for impact beyond malformed output.

Workarounds

Upgrade to protobufjs 8.6.5 or newer.

If immediate upgrade is not possible, do not parse untrusted protobuf Text Format input with affected versions. Applications can also reject string map keys named proto before or during Text Format parsing, and should use own-property checks such as Object.hasOwnProperty.call(map, key) when consuming parsed map objects.