CVE-2026-78048: Apache bRPC: Remote Denial of Service via Out-of-Bounds Dynamic Table Sizing in HPACK Decoder

A reachable-assertion flaw in the HPACK header-compression decoder of the HTTP/2 (h2/gRPC) stack in Apache bRPC (version < 1.18.0) on all platforms allows a remote attacker to crash the server process by sending a crafted sequence of HPACK headers, resulting in a denial of service.

Root Cause: In src/brpc/details/hpack.cpp, IndexTable::Init sizes the dynamic-table ring buffer as numheaders = maxsize / (32 + 2), i.e. it assumes a minimum table entry of 34 bytes (name >= 1 byte + value >= 1 byte + 32 bytes of overhead). However, RFC 7541 section 4.1 specifies that the minimum entry size is 33 bytes, because the value may be empty (name >= 1 byte + value == 0 + 32 bytes). For the default 4096-byte table this allocates only 120 slots (4096/34). Eviction in AddHeader is driven by byte usage (maxsize), not by slot count, so a peer can add 121 minimal 33-byte entries (12133 = 3993 <= 4096) without triggering eviction. The 121st AddHeader then hits CHECK(!headerqueue.full()), which aborts the process.

Affected Scenarios: Use a bRPC server that serves HTTP/2 or gRPC requests (e.g. via the h2 protocol) from an untrusted network. The malicious header block is processed during HPACK decoding of incoming requests without authentication.

How to Fix: (Choose one of the following options)  1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.18.0, which fixes this issue. 2. Apply this patch: https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3462

Note: The fix sizes the dynamic table for the 33-byte minimum entry (maxsize / (32 + 1)) and ensures at least one ring-buffer slot is kept when maxsize is smaller than the minimum entry, so that initialization cannot fail on malloc(0).