GHSA-262q-c465-prmr: nvm install --offline installs a cached tarball that previously failed checksum verification

Node Version Manager (nvm) is a POSIX-compliant shell function for managing multiple node.js versions. In versions 0.40.5 through 0.40.8, nvmdownloadartifact downloads a release archive directly to its final path in $NVMDIR/.cache and verifies its checksum afterwards; on a checksum mismatch it reports an error but leaves the rejected archive in place. A later nvm install --offline of the same version installs that cached file without a checksum, so an archive that was just rejected gets installed and its node and npm run. This gives code execution to a party who can alter the downloaded tarball (for example a poisoned CDN or cache object) but cannot also forge the SHASUMS256.txt beside it, if the victim runs nvm install --offline for that version after the visible "Checksums do not match" failure and before any online retry. Version 0.41.0 only puts an archive in the cache once its checksum has passed.