CVE-2025-26466A flaw was found in the OpenSSH package. For each ping packet the SSH server receives, a pong packet is allocated in a memory buffer and stored in a queue of packages. It is only freed when the server/client key exchange has finished. A malicious client may keep sending such packages, leading to an uncontrolled increase in memory consumption on the server side. Consequently, the server may become unavailable, resulting in a denial of service attack.

A externally controlled reference to a resource in another sphere vulnerability in Fortinet allows attacker to poison web caches via crafted HTTP requests, where the Host header points to an arbitrary webserver

HTTP CONTINUATION Flood can be used to launch a serious DoS attack that can cause the crash of the target server with just one attacking machine (or even one TCP connection to the target).

It works by:- initiating an HTTP stream against the target- then sending headers and CONTINUATION frames with no ENDHEADERS flag set - that creates a never ending stream that could even cause an instant crash

This works because there's many HTTP/2 implementations do not properly limit or sanitize the amount of CONTINUATION frames sent within a single stream.

CVE-2024-27316 for Apache HTTP Server (httpd):HTTP/2 incoming headers exceeding the limit are temporarily buffered in nghttp2 in order to generate an informative HTTP 413 response. If a client does not stop sending headers, this leads to memory exhaustion.

CVE-2024-24549 for Apache Tomcat:When processing an HTTP/2 request, if the request exceeded any of theconfigured limits for headers, the associated HTTP/2 stream was notreset until after all of the headers had been processed.

CVE-2024-30255 for Envoy proxy (nghttp2):Envoy's HTTP/2 codec allows the peer to send an unlimited number of CONTINUATION frames even after exceeding Envoy's header map limits. This allows an attacker to send a sequence of CONTINUATION frames without the ENDHEADERS bit set causing CPU utilization, consuming approximately 1 core per 300Mbit/s of traffic.

CVE-2023-45288 for Golang:An attacker may cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data by sending an excessive number of CONTINUATION frames. Maintaining HPACK state requires parsing and processing all HEADERS and CONTINUATION frames on a connection. When a request's headers exceed MaxHeaderBytes, no memory is allocated to store the excess headers, but they are still parsed. This permits an attacker to cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data, all associated with a request which is going to be rejected. These headers can include Huffman-encoded data which is significantly more expensive for the receiver to decode than for an attacker to send.

CVE-2024-28182 for nghttp2:nghttp2 library keeps reading the unbounded number of HTTP/2 CONTINUATION frames even after a stream is reset to keep HPACK context in sync. This causes excessive CPU usage to decode HPACK stream.

CVE-2024-27983 for Node.js:An attacker can make the Node.js HTTP/2 server completely unavailable by sending a small amount of HTTP/2 frames packets with a few HTTP/2 frames inside. It is possible to leave some data in nghttp2 memory after reset when headers with HTTP/2 CONTINUATION frame are sent to the server and then a TCP connection is abruptly closed by the client triggering the Http2Session destructor while header frames are still being processed (and stored in memory) causing a race condition.

CVE-2024-3302 for Firefox:There was no limit to the number of HTTP/2 CONTINUATION frames that would be processed. A server could abuse this to create an Out of Memory condition in the browser.

A fundamental design flaw within the RADIUS protocol has been proven to be exploitable, compromising the integrity in the RADIUS Access-Request process. The attack allows a malicious user to modify packets in a way that would be indistinguishable to a RADIUS client or server. To be successful, the attacker must have the ability to inject themselves between the client and server.

An exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerability [CWE-200] in FortiManager, FortiAnalyzer, FortiPortal & FortiSwitch may allow an attacker which has obtained access to a restricted administrative account to obtain sensitive information via diagnose debug commands.

A exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Fortinet FortiManager version 6.0.0 through 6.0.4, FortiAnalyzer version 6.0.0 through 6.0.4, FortiPortal version 6.0.0 through 6.0.9, 5.3.0 through 5.3.8, 5.2.x, 5.1.0, 5.0.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, FortiSwitch version 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, 6.4.0 through 6.4.10, 6.2.x, 6.0.x allows an attacker which has obtained access to a restricted administrative account to obtain sensitive information via diagnose debug commands.

An improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability [CWE-347] in FortiWeb 6.4 all versions, 6.3.16 and below, 6.2 all versions, 6.1 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiOS 7.0.3 and below, 6.4.8 and below, 6.2 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiSwitch 7.0.3 and below, 6.4.10 and below, 6.2 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiProxy 7.0.1 and below, 2.0.7 and below, 1.2 all versions, 1.1 all versions, 1.0 all versions may allow an attacker to decrypt portions of the administrative session management cookie if able to intercept the latter.

An integer overflow / wraparound vulnerability [CWE-190] in the FortiOS, FortiProxy, FortiSwitch, FortiRecoder, and FortiVoiceEnterprisedhcpd daemon may allow an unauthenticated and network adjacent attacker to crash the dhcpd deamon, resulting in potential denial of service.

An integer overflow / wraparound vulnerability [CWE-190] in FortiSwitch 7.0.2 and below, 6.4.9 and below, 6.2.x, 6.0.x; FortiRecorder 6.4.2 and below, 6.0.10 and below; FortiOS 7.0.2 and below, 6.4.8 and below, 6.2.10 and below, 6.0.x; FortiProxy 7.0.0, 2.0.6 and below, 1.2.x, 1.1.x, 1.0.x; FortiVoiceEnterprise 6.4.3 and below, 6.0.10 and below dhcpd daemon may allow an unauthenticated and network adjacent attacker to crash the dhcpd deamon, resulting in potential denial of service.

A buffer overflow [CWE-121] in the TFTP client library of FortiOS, may allow an authenticated local attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution via specially crafted command line arguments.

A buffer overflow [CWE-121] in the TFTP client library of FortiOS before 6.4.7 and FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.2, may allow an authenticated local attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution via specially crafted command line arguments.

A buffer underwrite (CWE-124) vulnerability in the firmware verification routine of FortiWeb, FortiOS, FortiSwitch, FortiADC, FortiAI, FortiManager, FortiAnalyzer, FortiProxy may allow an attacker located in the adjacent network to potentially execute arbitrary code via a specifically crafted firmware image.

A missing release of memory after effective lifetime vulnerability in FortiSwitch 6.4.0 to 6.4.6, 6.2.0 to 6.2.6, 6.0.0 to 6.0.6, 3.6.11 and below may allow an attacker on an adjacent network to exhaust available memory by sending specifically crafted LLDP/CDP/EDP packets to the device.