In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

openvswitch: Fix CT limit teardown use-after-free

Packet processing uses CT limit state under RCU, while netns teardown frees that state under ovsmutex. The CT limit pointer was neither removed from readers nor protected by a grace period, allowing packet processing to dereference the freed state.

An unprivileged user can trigger this bug from a user and network namespace, causing a slab-use-after-free in ovsctexecute() when the netns is torn down.

Publish the CT limit pointer through RCU, remove it before teardown, and wait for readers before freeing its contents. Keep ovsmutex around individual CT limit updates, and use the RCU read-side lock while GET traverses the RCU-protected limit lists.

Netns teardown detaches the RCU-protected CT limit state in the pernet .preexit callback while holding ovsmutex. The pernet core guarantees an RCU grace period between the .preexit and .exit callbacks, so the .exit callback completes the teardown without adding any extra synchronization.

The netlink command handlers do not need NULL checks because the userspace netlink socket holds an active reference to its network namespace while a request is processed. The per-netns exit path therefore cannot run concurrently with SET, DEL, or GET for that socket's namespace.