An attacker can leverage sudo's -R (--chroot) option to run arbitrary commands as root, even if they are not listed in the sudoers file. Sudo versions 1.9.14 to 1.9.17 inclusive are affected.

Apache Tomcat could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by a file read/inclusion vulnerability in the AJP connector. By sending a specially-crafted request, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to read web application files from a vulnerable server and upload malicious JavaServer Pages (JSP) code within a variety of file types and execute arbitrary code on the system.

Note: This vulnerability is known as Ghostcat.

A flaw was found in dom4j library. By using the default SaxReader() provided by Dom4J, external DTDs and External Entities are allowed, resulting in a possible XXE.

An old inffast.c optimization turns out to not be optimal anymore with modern compilers, and furthermore was not compliant with the C standard, for which decrementing a pointer before its allocated memory is undefined.

External References:

https://wiki.mozilla.org/images/0/09/Zlib-report.pdf https://docs.google.com/document/d/10i1KZS5so8xDqH2rplRa2xet0tyTvvJlLbQQmZIUIKE/edit#heading=h.t13tvnx4loq7

Upstream patch:

https://github.com/madler/zlib/commit/9aaec95e82117c1cb0f9624264c3618fc380cecb

CVE assignment:

http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2016/q4/602

Last updated 14 January 2026

A flaw was discovered in Log4j, where a vulnerable SocketServer class may lead to the deserialization of untrusted data. This flaw allows an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code when combined with a deserialization gadget.

ircmodechannelupdate in plugins/irc/irc-mode.c in WeeChat through 2.7 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer overflow and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a malformed IRC message 324 (channel mode).

In Das U-Boot through 2020.01, a double free has been found in the cmd/gpt.c dorenamegptparts() function. Double freeing may result in a write-what-where condition, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code. NOTE: this vulnerablity was introduced when attempting to fix a memory leak identified by static analysis.

A flaw was found in php before 7.4.2. A global buffer overflow in mbflfiltconvbig5wchar function may lead to corruption of memory data.

Upstream issue:

http://bugs.php.net/79037

A flaw was found in php before 7.4.2. An out of bounds read in phpstriptagsex may lead to denial of service or potentially disclosure of sensitive data.

Upstream issue:

https://bugs.php.net/79099

An issue was discovered in openfortivpn 1.11.0 when used with OpenSSL before 1.0.2. tunnel.c mishandles certificate validation because hostname comparisons do not consider '\0' characters, as demonstrated by a good.example.com\x00evil.example.com attack.

A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the fullload method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when an attacker establishes a vulnerable Netlogon secure channel connection to a domain controller, using the Netlogon Remote Protocol (MS-NRPC), aka 'Netlogon Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.

A user could use shell injections with the Salt API using the SSH Client.

rcubeimage.php in Roundcube Webmail before 1.4.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via shell metacharacters in a configuration setting for imconvertpath or imidentifypath.

A flaw was found in Apache httpd in versions 2.4.32 to 2.4.46. The uwsgi protocol does not serialize more than 16K of HTTP header leading to resource exhaustion and denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.

An issue was discovered in SaltStack Salt before 2019.2.4 and 3000 before 3000.2. The salt-master process ClearFuncs class does not properly validate method calls. This allows a remote user to access some methods without authentication. These methods can be used to retrieve user tokens from the salt master and/or run arbitrary commands on salt minions.

In SaltStack Salt before 2019.2.3, the salt-api NET API with the ssh client enabled is vulnerable to command injection. This allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the API endpoint to execute arbitrary code on the salt-api host.

A vulnerability was found in the Linux kernel's generic WiFi ESSID handling implementation. The flaw allows a system to join a wireless network where the ESSID is longer than the maximum length of 32 characters, which can cause the system to crash or execute code.

A flaw in the Linux kernel's WiFi beacon validation code was discovered. The code does not check the length of the variable length elements in the beacon head potentially leading to a buffer overflow. System availability, as well as data confidentiality and integrity, can be impacted by this vulnerability.

A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in the Linux kernel, all versions 3.x.x and 4.x.x before 4.18.0, in Marvell WiFi chip driver. The flaw could occur when the station attempts a connection negotiation during the handling of the remote devices country settings. This could allow the remote device to cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code.

Fixed bug (Out-of-bounds read in iconv.c:phpiconvmimedecode() due to integer overflow) (CVE-2019-11039).

Fixed bug (heap-buffer-overflow on phpjpgget16) (CVE-2019-11040).

Fixed bug (Heap-buffer-overflow in estrndup via exifprocessIFDTAG) (CVE-2019-11036).

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel. A heap based buffer overflow in mwifiexuapparsetailies function in drivers/net/wireless/marvell/mwifiex/ie.c might lead to memory corruption and possibly other consequences.

The sshagentchanneldata function in PuTTY before 0.68 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via a large length value in an agent protocol message and leveraging the ability to connect to the Unix-domain socket representing the forwarded agent connection, which trigger a buffer overflow.

A vulnerability was found in gnutls. A stack overflow could occur in opencdk in the cdkpkgetkeyid function. A memory corruption could occur when parsing a maliciously crafted OpenPGP certificate.

References:

http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2017/q1/51 https://gnutls.org/security.html#GNUTLS-SA-2017-2

Upstream patch:

https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls/commit/5140422e0d7319a8e2fe07f02cbcafc4d6538732

A vulnerability was found in gnutls. A heap read overflow could occur while parsing maliciously crafted OpenPGP certificate.

References:

http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2017/q1/51 https://gnutls.org/security.html#GNUTLS-SA-2017-2

Upstream patch:

https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls/commit/94fcf1645ea17223237aaf8d19132e004afddc1a

Double free vulnerability in the gnutlsx509extimportproxy function in GnuTLS before 3.3.26 and 3.5.x before 3.5.8 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via crafted policy language information in an X.509 certificate with a Proxy Certificate Information extension.

It was discovered that websockets.c in LibVNCServer prior to 0.9.12 did not properly decode certain WebSocket frames. A malicious attacker could exploit this by sending specially crafted WebSocket frames to a server, causing a heap-based buffer overflow.