Summary
The logout endpoint accepts a url query parameter to redirect to. casserver treats that url as trusted, and either (depending on configuration) redirects the browser there, or shows a "you've been logged out" page with a link to continue to that url.
There are a number of other things broken with logout in 7 (cas v3 uses a different query parameters, etc)
Details
https://github.com/simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp-module-casserver/blob/21418f7efbea8c4f078fd4a7d1b9eacf94dd4941/src/Controller/LogoutController.php#L104
Previous module checked the url against the valid service urls.
PoC
The docker instructions from the README.md run an image with a vulnerable config.
Accessing https://localhost/cas/logout?url=https://google.com will redirect to Google
Impact
Impacted configs have
php 'enablelogout' => true,
and are most impacted if they also have
'skiplogoutpage' -> true,