Exploited
critical
9.8
CWE
305 362
EPSS
38.423%
Advisory Published
Updated

CVE-2025-31161: CrushFTP Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

First published: Thu Apr 03 2025(Updated: )

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

Credit: cve@mitre.org

Affected SoftwareAffected VersionHow to fix
CrushFTP<10.8.4<11.3.1
CrushFTP>=10.0.0<10.8.4
CrushFTP>=11.0.0<11.3.1

Remedy

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

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Reference Links

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What is the severity of CVE-2025-31161?

    CVE-2025-31161 has been classified as a critical vulnerability due to its potential for authentication bypass and account takeover.

  • How do I fix CVE-2025-31161?

    To mitigate CVE-2025-31161, upgrade your CrushFTP software to version 10.8.4 or later for the 10.x series or version 11.3.1 or later for the 11.x series.

  • What are the potential impacts of CVE-2025-31161?

    The exploitation of CVE-2025-31161 can lead to unauthorized access to the crushadmin account, resulting in potential data breaches or service disruptions.

  • Is there a workaround for CVE-2025-31161?

    A temporary workaround for CVE-2025-31161 is to use a DMZ proxy instance to limit direct access to the vulnerable CrushFTP instances.

  • When was CVE-2025-31161 first exploited?

    CVE-2025-31161 was reported to have been exploited in the wild during March and April of 2025.

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