Head over to Netomize's blog to learn about how we detect the exploitation of the CrushFTP Vulnerability (CVE-2025-31161) with PacketSmith's Yara detection module, using the newly introduced track\state and flow\state keywords to the correlation engine.

Head over to Netomize's blog to learn about how we detect the exploitation of the CrushFTP Vulnerability (CVE-2025-31161) with PacketSmith's Yara detection module, using the newly introduced track\state and flow\state keywords to the correlation engine.

Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in CrushFTP 11.3.648. The Web-Based Server has a feature where users can share files, the feature reflects the filename to an emailbody field with no sanitations leading to HTML Injection.

CrushFTP11 before 11.3.757 is vulnerable to stored HTML injection in the CrushFTP Admin Panel (Reports / "Who Created Folder"), enabling persistent HTML execution in admin sessions.

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.5 and 11 before 11.3.423, when the DMZ proxy feature is not used, mishandles AS2 validation and consequently allows remote attackers to obtain admin access via HTTPS, as exploited in the wild in July 2025.

An authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP (CVE-2025-31161) is currently being exploited in the wild. It affects Versions 10.0.0 to 10.8.3 and versions 11.0.0 to 11.3.0. If exploited, it can allow attackers to access sensitive files without valid credentials and gain full system control depending on configuration Active exploitation has already been confirmed, yet it's flying under the radar. Recommended mitigation would be to upgrade to 10.8.4 or 11.3.1 ASAP. If patching isn’t possible, CrushFTP’s DMZ proxy can provide a temporary buffer. If you're running CrushFTP or know someone who is, now’s the time to double-check your version and get this patched. Wouldn’t be surprised if we see this pop up in a ransomware chain soon.

CrushFTP 9.x and 10.x through 10.8.4 and 11.x through 11.3.1 allows directory traversal via the /WebInterface/function/ URI to read files accessible by SMB at UNC share pathnames, bypassing SecurityManager restrictions.

CrushFTP 9.x and 10.x through 10.8.4 and 11.x through 11.3.1 allows SSRF via the host and port parameters in a command=telnetSocket request to the /WebInterface/function/ URI.

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to loginuserpass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CVE RECORD. ConsultIDs: CVE-2025-31161. Reason: This Record is a reservation duplicate of CVE-2025-31161. Notes: All CVE users should reference CVE-2025-31161 instead of this Record. All references and descriptions in this Record have been removed to prevent accidental usage.

Improper input handling in the 'Host Header' allows an unauthenticated attacker to store a payload in web application logs. When an Administrator views the logs using the application's standard functionality, it enables the execution of the payload, resulting in Stored XSS or 'Cross-Site Scripting'.

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.3 and 11 before 11.2.3 mishandles password reset, leading to account takeover.

Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in CrushFTP v.10.6.0 and v.10.5.5 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload.

A server side template injection vulnerability in CrushFTP in all versions before 10.7.1 and 11.1.0 on all platforms allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read files from the filesystem outside of the VFS Sandbox, bypass authentication to gain administrative access, and perform remote code execution on the server.

Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or server noticing it.

Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called "strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this countermeasure.

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until patches are available.

Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC (-etm@openssh.com MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSHMSGEXTINFO sent after the first message after SSHMSGNEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode. Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of SSHMSGIGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the excess SSHMSGIGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state other than the message's sequence number. In the case of Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR and stream ciphers.

For more details see https://terrapin-attack.com.

Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC (-etm@openssh.com), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle (MitM) scenario.

CrushFTP prior to 10.5.1 is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes.