It was discovered that the RMI (Java Remote Method Invocation) server implementation in the JMX (Java Management Extensions) component of OpenJDK did not restrict which classes can be deserialized when deserializing authentication credentials. A remote unauthenticated attacker able to connect to a JMX port could possibly use this flaw trigger deserialization flaws.

When running Apache Cassandra with the following configuration: enableuserdefinedfunctions: true enablescripteduserdefinedfunctions: true enableuserdefinedfunctionsthreads: false it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the host. The attacker would need to have enough permissions to create user defined functions in the cluster to be able to exploit this. Note that this configuration is documented as unsafe, and will continue to be considered unsafe after this CVE.

Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions vulnerability in Apache Cassandra. An user with MODIFY permission ON ALL KEYSPACES can escalate privileges to superuser within a targeted Cassandra cluster via unsafe actions to a system resource. Operators granting data MODIFY permission on all keyspaces on affected versions should review data access rules for potential breaches.

This issue affects Apache Cassandra 3.0.30, 3.11.17, 4.0.16, 4.1.7, 5.0.2, but this advisory is only for 4.0.16 because the fix to CVE-2025-23015 was incorrectly applied to 4.0.16, so that version is still affected.

Users in the 4.0 series are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.17 which fixes the issue. Users from 3.0, 3.11, 4.1 and 5.0 series should follow recommendation from CVE-2025-23015.

Apache Cassandra versions 2.1.0 to 2.1.22, 2.2.0 to 2.2.19, 3.0.0 to 3.0.23, and 3.11.0 to 3.11.9, when using 'dc' or 'rack' internodeencryption setting, allows both encrypted and unencrypted internode connections. A misconfigured node or a malicious user can use the unencrypted connection despite not being in the same rack or dc, and bypass mutual TLS requirement.

A flaw was found in cassandra in versions prior to 2.1.22, 2.2.18, 3.0.22, 3.11.8 and 4.0-beta2. A local attacker without access to the Apache Cassandra process or configuration files can manipulate the RMI registry to perform a man-in-the-middle attack and capture user names and passwords used to access the JMX interface. A JRE vulnerability (CVE-2019-2684) enables this issue to be exploited remotely. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.

A flaw was found in the RMI registry implementation in the RMI component of OpenJDK. Incorrect handling of the server-side dispatch could lead to selection of an incorrect skeleton class.