Apache Struts REST Plugin uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to remote code execution when deserializing XML payloads.
Apache Struts Jakarta Multipart parser allows for malicious file upload using the Content-Type value, leading to remote code execution.
Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.
Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OGNL expressions via a parameter with a crafted (1) action:, (2) redirect:, or (3) redirectAction: prefix.