Apache Struts Jakarta Multipart parser allows for malicious file upload using the Content-Type value, leading to remote code execution.

The Struts 1 plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.x and 2.3.x might allow remote code execution via a malicious field value passed in a raw message to the ActionMessage.

Apache Struts REST Plugin uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to remote code execution when deserializing XML payloads.