CFITSIO through 4.7.0 contains a heap-based out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the imcompress.c unquantize helpers that allows attackers to read memory before the fitsrandvalue table via a zero or negative ZDITHER0 seed. Attackers can supply a crafted FITS file with a SUBTRACTIVEDITHER1 compressed image, read through fitsopenfile() and fitsreadpix(), to cause crashes or leak heap contents in decoded pixels.

In the ffgphd and ffgtkn functions in NASA CFITSIO 3.42, specially crafted images parsed via the library can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker can deliver an FIT image to trigger this vulnerability and potentially gain code execution.

In the ffghtb function in NASA CFITSIO 3.42, specially crafted images parsed via the library can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker can deliver an FIT image to trigger this vulnerability and potentially gain code execution.

In the ffghbn function in NASA CFITSIO 3.42, specially crafted images parsed via the library can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker can deliver an FIT image to trigger this vulnerability and potentially gain code execution.

Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in image parsing functionality of the CFITSIO library version 3.42. Specially crafted images parsed via the library, can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker can deliver an FIT image to trigger this vulnerability and potentially gain code execution.