Requires malware code to misuse the DDK kernel module IOCTL interface.

Such code can use the interface in an unsupported way that allows subversion of the GPU to perform writes to arbitrary physical memory pages.

The product utilises a shared resource in a concurrent manner but does not attempt to synchronise access to the resource.

A web page that contains unusual GPU shader code is loaded into the GPU compiler process and can trigger a write out-of-bounds write crash in the GPU shader compiler library. On certain platforms, when the compiler process has system privileges this could enable further exploits on the device.

An edge case using a very large value in switch statements in GPU shader code can cause a segmentation fault in the GPU shader compiler due to an out-of-bounds write access.

Software installed and running inside a Guest VM may conduct improper GPU system calls to prevent other Guests from running work on the GPU.

Software installed and running inside a Guest VM may override Firmware's state and gain access to the GPU.