Requires malware code to misuse the DDK kernel module IOCTL interface.

Such code can use the interface in an unsupported way that allows subversion of the GPU to perform writes to arbitrary physical memory pages.

The product utilises a shared resource in a concurrent manner but does not attempt to synchronise access to the resource.

Kernel software installed and running inside a Host VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to trigger a memory read or write outside the permitted range of memory for the host kernel.

Addresses passed to the GPU Firmware can be used by the Firmware for more privileged memory accesses than are permitted by the system.