The TCP implementation in (1) Linux, (2) platforms based on BSD Unix, (3) Microsoft Windows, (4) Cisco products, and probably other operating systems allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (connection queue exhaustion) via multiple vectors that manipulate information in the TCP state table, as demonstrated by sockstress.
Integer overflow in the ftsbuild function in fts.c in libc in (1) OpenBSD 4.4 and earlier and (2) Microsoft Interix 6.0 build 10.0.6030.0 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a deep directory tree, related to the ftslevel structure member, as demonstrated by (a) du, (b) rm, (c) chmod, and (d) chgrp on OpenBSD; and (e) SearchIndexer.exe on Vista Enterprise.
The dupfdopen function in sys/kern/kerndescrip.c in OpenBSD 3.7 and 3.8 allows local users to re-open arbitrary files by using setuid programs to access file descriptors using /dev/fd/.