Hunt.io researchers analyzed two open directories recovered through Attack Capture system and reconstructed the tooling one operator used to find, exploit, and view internet-exposed cameras in Ukraine.

Technical highlights:

A custom FastAPI/Docker project the operator named camview, which wraps the open-source Ingram scanner, brute-forces camera credentials over HTTP and RTSP (3,811 pair dictionary), and transcodes RTSP to MJPEG for browser viewing Ingram targets known camera CVEs: CVE-2017-7921 and CVE-2021-36260 (Hikvision), CVE-2021-33044/33045 (Dahua), CVE-2020-25078 (D-Link), CVE-2020-25169 (Reolink) The operator's logs recorded live viewing sessions from 58 Ukrainian cameras, with session lengths, frame counts, and frame rates A proxy script authenticated to a compromised OpenCart admin panel and relayed the operator's traffic through the victim network A second, separately operated directory was linked only by the same Ingram scanner. It chained TP-Link Archer CVEs (CVE-2024-53375, CVE-2024-57049) and MikroTik API brute-forcing to turn edge devices into SOCKS5 proxies reporting to a chisel listener on port 4444

No state attribution. Full analysis, IOCs, and ATT&CK mapping in the writeup

HTML injection vulnerabilities in OpenCart versions prior to 4.1.0. These vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to modify the HTML of the victim's browser by sending a malicious URL and modifying the parameter name in /account/voucher.

HTML injection vulnerabilities in OpenCart versions prior to 4.1.0. These vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to modify the HTML of the victim's browser by sending a malicious URL and modifying the parameter name in /account/register.

HTML injection vulnerabilities in OpenCart versions prior to 4.1.0. These vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to modify the HTML of the victim's browser by sending a malicious URL and modifying the parameter name in /account/login.

Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability in OpenCart versions prior to 4.1.0. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute JavaScript code in the victim's browser by sending the victim a malicious URL using the search in the /product/search endpoint. This vulnerability could be exploited to steal sensitive user data, such as session cookies, or to perform actions on behalf of the user.

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in CoinRemitter 0.0.1/0.0.2 on OpenCart. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation of the argument coin leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 0.0.3 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Dreamvention Live AJAX Search Free up to 1.0.6 on OpenCart. Affected by this issue is the function searchresults/search of the file /?route=extension/livesearch/module/livesearch.searchresults. The manipulation of the argument keyword leads to sql injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

A vulnerability has been found in Aridius XYZ up to 20240927 on OpenCart and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function loadMore of the component News. The manipulation leads to deserialization. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.

A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the Theme Editor Function of openCart project v4.0.2.3 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via injecting a crafted payload.

This affects versions of the package opencart/opencart from 4.0.0.0 and before 4.1.0.0. A reflected XSS issue was identified in the directory parameter of admin common/filemanager.list route. An attacker could obtain a user's token by tricking the user to click on a maliciously crafted URL. The user is then prompted to login and redirected again upon authentication with the payload automatically executing. If the attacked user has admin privileges, this vulnerability could be used as the start of a chain of exploits like Zip Slip or arbitrary file write vulnerabilities in the admin functionality. Notes: 1) This is only exploitable if the attacker knows the name or path of the admin directory. The name of the directory is "admin" by default but there is a pop-up in the dashboard warning users to rename it. 2) The fix for this vulnerability is incomplete. The redirect is removed so that it is not possible for an attacker to control the redirect post admin login anymore, but it is still possible to exploit this issue in admin if the user is authenticated as an admin already.

This affects versions of the package opencart/opencart from 0.0.0. An SQL Injection issue was identified in the Divido payment extension for OpenCart, which is included by default in version 3.0.3.9. As an anonymous unauthenticated user, if the Divido payment module is installed (it does not have to be enabled), it is possible to exploit SQL injection to gain unauthorised access to the backend database. For any site which is vulnerable, any unauthenticated user could exploit this to dump the entire OpenCart database, including customer PII data.

This affects versions of the package opencart/opencart from 4.0.0.0. An Arbitrary File Creation issue was identified via the database restoration functionality. By injecting PHP code into the database, an attacker with admin privileges can create a backup file with an arbitrary filename (including the extension), within /system/storage/backup.

Note:

It is less likely for the created file to be available within the web root, as part of the security recommendations for the application suggest moving the storage path outside of the web root.

This affects versions of the package opencart/opencart from 4.0.0.0. A Zip Slip issue was identified via the marketplace installer due to improper sanitization of the target path, allowing files within a malicious archive to traverse the filesystem and be extracted to arbitrary locations. An attacker can create arbitrary files in the web root of the application and overwrite other existing files by exploiting this vulnerability.

This affects versions of the package opencart/opencart from 4.0.0.0. A reflected XSS issue was identified in the redirect parameter of customer account/login route. An attacker can inject arbitrary HTML and Javascript into the page response. As this vulnerability is present in the account functionality it could be used to target and attack customers of the OpenCart shop.

Notes:

1) The fix for this vulnerability is incomplete

This affects versions of the package opencart/opencart from 4.0.0.0. A reflected XSS issue was identified in the filename parameter of the admin tool/log route. An attacker could obtain a user's token by tricking the user to click on a maliciously crafted URL. The user is then prompted to login and redirected again upon authentication with the payload automatically executing. If the attacked user has admin privileges, this vulnerability could be used as the start of a chain of exploits like Zip Slip or arbitrary file write vulnerabilities in the admin functionality.

Notes:

1) This is only exploitable if the attacker knows the name or path of the admin directory. The name of the directory is "admin" by default but there is a pop-up in the dashboard warning users to rename it.

2) The fix for this vulnerability is incomplete. The redirect is removed so that it is not possible for an attacker to control the redirect post admin login anymore, but it is still possible to exploit this issue in admin if the user is authenticated as an admin already.

An issue discovered in OpenCart 4.0.0.0 to 4.0.2.3 allows authenticated backend users having common/security write privilege can write arbitrary untrusted data inside config.php and admin/config.php, resulting in remote code execution on the underlying server.

Path Traversal in OpenCart versions 4.0.0.0 to 4.0.2.2 allows an authenticated user with access/modify privilege on the Log component to empty out arbitrary files on the server

OpenCart CMS v4.0.2.2 was discovered to lack a protective mechanism on its login page against excessive login attempts, allowing unauthenticated attackers to gain access to the application via a brute force attack to the password parameter.

SQL injection vulnerability in OpenCart v.2.2.00 thru 3.0.3.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Fba plugin function in upload/admin/index.php.

OpenCart 3.0.3.7 allows users to obtain database information or read server files through SQL injection in the background.

In OpenCart 1.4.7 to 1.5.5.1, implemented anti-traversal code in filemanager.php is ineffective and can be bypassed.

OpenCart 3.0.3.6 is affected by cross-site scripting (XSS) in the Subject field of mail. This vulnerability can allow an attacker to inject the XSS payload in the Subject field of the mail and each time any user will open that mail of the website, the XSS triggers and the attacker can able to steal the cookie according to the crafted payload.

OpenCart 3.0.3.6 is affected by cross-site scripting (XSS) in the Profile Image. An admin can upload a profile image as a malicious code using JavaScript. Whenever anyone will see the profile picture, the code will execute and XSS will trigger.

Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in CART option in OpenCart Ltd. Opencart CMS 3.0.3.6 allows attacker to add cart items via Add to cart.

DISPUTED OpenCart 3.0.3.3 allows remote authenticated users to conduct XSS attacks via a crafted filename in the users' image upload section because of a lack of entity encoding. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2020-10596. The vendor states "this is not a massive issue as you are still required to be logged into the admin."

OpenCart 3.0.3.2 allows remote authenticated users to conduct XSS attacks via a crafted filename in the users' image upload section.

OpenCart 3.x, when the attacker has login access to the admin panel, allows stored XSS within the Source/HTML editing feature of the Categories, Product, and Information pages.

/upload/catalog/controller/account/password.php in OpenCart through 3.0.2.0 has CSRF via the index.php?route=account/password URI to change a user's password.

The "program extension upload" feature in OpenCart through 3.0.2.0 has a six-step process (upload, install, unzip, move, xml, remove) that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code if the remove step is skipped, because the attacker can discover a secret temporary directory name (containing 10 random digits) via a directory traversal attack involving languageinfo['code'].

OpenCart through 3.0.2.0 allows directory traversal in the editDownload function in admin\model\catalog\download.php via admin/index.php?route=catalog/download/edit, related to the downloadid. For example, an attacker can download ../../config.php.