An issue was discovered in ownCloud owncloud/core before 10.13.1. An attacker can access, modify, or delete any file without authentication if the username of a victim is known, and the victim has no signing-key configured. This occurs because pre-signed URLs can be accepted even when no signing-key is configured for the owner of the files. The earliest affected version is 10.6.0.

Hunt.io reseachers discovered an open directory staging the tooling and stolen data from an intrusion into two Philippine organizations, a nuclear research agency and a marine engineering company that contracts with the Navy. Nothing exotic was needed to get in.

ownCloud compromised via CVE-2023-49105 (patched in 2023), abusing an empty signing secret that is the default on new installs Naval contractor hit via CVE-2024-28000 (LiteSpeed Cache, patched Aug 2024) and an XML-RPC brute force using the rockyou.txt wordlist 176 files (\~372 MB) recovered including reactor core component databases, radiation safety docs, employee PII, and credential stores. A CSV referenced \~9 GB actually exfiltrated Simplified Chinese throughout the operator's scripts, logs, and folder names A separate, possibly unrelated EtherHiding compromise was also active on the same WordPress site, 174 IPs found with the same loader

Patch internet-facing collaboration software, set a real signing key on ownCloud, disable XML-RPC if you don't use it, and enforce MFA on admin accounts.

Full research, IOCs, and MITRE mapping:

https://hunt.io/blog/chinese-speaking-operator-philippine-nuclear-naval-contractor

The Hunt.io research team found an open directory staging the full toolkit behind an intrusion into a Philippine nuclear research agency and a naval contractor. The ownCloud path is the interesting part technically.

CVE-2023-49105 lets you forge pre-signed WebDAV URLs when the signing secret is empty, which is the default state on a fresh install. Five custom Python scripts on the server implement this: the signing routine passes an empty bytes literal as the PBKDF2 salt, sets OC-Credential to the account being impersonated, and issues GET requests against /remote.php/dav/files/<account>/<path>, receiving files as that user with no credentials. Four scripts target one account each, the fifth adds PROPFIND enumeration with Depth: 1 to walk folders that were not pre-enumerated.

The naval contractor was hit separately via CVE-2024-28000 (LiteSpeed Cache) using a custom Go reimplementation of MT19937 with PHP mt\rand() parity, verified against 11 known seed/output pairs, plus an XML-RPC brute force with rockyou.txt. Both produced unauthorized access independently.

We also found a separate, possibly unrelated EtherHiding compromise on the same WordPress site. A HuntSQL query on the smart contract address returned 174 unique IPs hosting likely compromised pages with the same NoChain loader strings.

Full writeup with IOCs, the signing routine, and MITRE mapping: https://hunt.io/blog/chinese-speaking-operator-philippine-nuclear-naval-contractor

OwnCloud 8.1.8 contains a username enumeration vulnerability that allows remote attackers to discover user accounts by manipulating the share.php endpoint. Attackers can send crafted GET requests to /index.php/core/ajax/share.php with a wildcard search parameter to retrieve comprehensive user information.

The Docker image of ownCloud Server through 10.11 contains a misconfiguration that renders the trusteddomains config useless. This could be abused to spoof the URL in password-reset e-mail messages.

The autocomplete feature in the E-Mail share dialog in ownCloud Server before 8.1.11, 8.2.x before 8.2.9, 9.0.x before 9.0.7, and 9.1.x before 9.1.3 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.

The password reset functionality in ownCloud Server before 8.1.11, 8.2.x before 8.2.9, 9.0.x before 9.0.7, and 9.1.x before 9.1.3 sends different error messages depending on whether the username is valid, which allows remote attackers to enumerate user names via a large number of password reset attempts.

ownCloud Server before 8.1.11, 8.2.x before 8.2.9, 9.0.x before 9.0.7, and 9.1.x before 9.1.3 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (server hang and logfile flooding) via a one bit BMP file.

ownCloud before 5.0.15 and 6.x before 6.0.2, when the fileexternal app is enabled, allows remote authenticated users to mount the local filesystem in the user's ownCloud via the mount configuration.

Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in ownCloud before 6.0.2 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.

The default Flash Cross Domain policies in ownCloud before 5.0.15 and 6.x before 6.0.2 allows remote attackers to access user files via unspecified vectors.

Session fixation vulnerability in ownCloud before 6.0.2, when PHP is configured to accept session parameters through a GET request, allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions via unspecified vectors.

Unspecified vulnerability in core/settings.php in ownCloud before 4.0.12 and 4.5.x before 4.5.6 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via unknown vectors. NOTE: this issue was SPLIT from CVE-2013-0303 due to different affected versions.

The admin page in ownCloud before 5.0.13 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via unspecified vectors, related to MariaDB.

ownCloud server before 8.2.6 and 9.x before 9.0.3, when the gallery app is enabled, allows remote attackers to download arbitrary images via a direct request.

PHPExcel before 1.8.0, as used in ownCloud Server before 5.0.15 and 6.0.x before 6.0.2, does not disable external entity loading in libxml, which allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files, cause a denial of service, or possibly have other impact via an XML External Entity (XXE) attack.

SabreDAV before 1.7.11, as used in ownCloud Server before 5.0.15 and 6.0.x before 6.0.2, allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files, cause a denial of service, or possibly have other impact via an XML External Entity (XXE) attack.

Local file exposure on Windows installations

getID3() before 1.9.8, as used in ownCloud Server before 5.0.15 and 6.0.x before 6.0.2, allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files, cause a denial of service, or possibly have other impact via an XML External Entity (XXE) attack.

Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in ownCloud before 4.0.12 and 4.5.x before 4.5.7 allow remote authenticated administrators to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) sitename or (2) siteurl parameter to apps/external/ajax/setsites.php.

Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in ownCloud 4.5.x before 4.5.7 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) a crafted iCalendar file to the calendar application, the (2) dir or (3) file parameter to apps/filespdfviewer/viewer.php, or the (4) mountpoint parameter to /apps/filesexternal/addMountPoint.php.

SQL injection vulnerability in lib/db.php in ownCloud Server 5.0.x before 5.0.6 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.

Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in ownCloud Server before 5.0.1 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) newname parameter to apps/bookmarks/ajax/renameTag.php or (2) multiple unspecified parameters to unknown files in apps/contacts/ajax/.

SQL injection vulnerability in addressbookprovider.php in ownCloud Server before 5.0.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, related to the contacts application.

SQL injection vulnerability in lib/bookmarks.php in ownCloud Server 4.5.x before 4.5.11 and 5.x before 5.0.6 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.

Unspecified vulnerability in core/ajax/translations.php in ownCloud before 4.0.12 and 4.5.x before 4.5.6 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via unknown vectors. NOTE: this entry has been SPLIT due to different affected versions. The core/settings.php issue is covered by CVE-2013-7344.

Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in ownCloud 4.5.5, 4.0.10, and earlier allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) QUERYSTRING to core/lostpassword/templates/resetpassword.php, (2) mime parameter to apps/files/ajax/mimeicon.php, or (3) token parameter to apps/gallery/sharing.php.

Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in js/viewer.js in ownCloud before 4.5.12 and 5.x before 5.0.7 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to shared files.

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in settings.php in ownCloud before 4.0.12 and 4.5.x before 4.5.7 allows remote administrators to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the group input field parameter.

ownCloud before 5.0.6 does not properly check permissions, which allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary API commands via unspecified vectors. NOTE: this can be leveraged using CSRF to allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary API commands.