USN-3685-1 fixed a vulnerability in Ruby. The fix for CVE-2017-0903 introduced a regression in Ruby. This update fixes the problem. Original advisory details: Some of these CVE were already addressed in previous USN: 3439-1, 3553-1, 3528-1. Here we address for the remain releases. It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain inputs. An attacker could use this to cause a buffer overrun. (CVE-2017-0898) It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain files. An attacker could use this to overwrite any file on the filesystem. (CVE-2017-0901) It was discovered that Ruby was vulnerable to a DNS hijacking vulnerability. An attacker could use this to possibly force the RubyGems client to download and install gems from a server that the attacker controls. (CVE-2017-0902) It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain YAML files. An attacker could use this to possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2017-0903) It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain files. An attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2017-14064) It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain inputs. An attacker could use this to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2017-10784) It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain network requests. An attacker could possibly use this to inject a crafted key into a HTTP response. (CVE-2017-17742) It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain files. An attacker could possibly use this to execute arbitrary code. This update is only addressed to ruby2.0. (CVE-2018-1000074) It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain network requests. An attacker could possibly use this to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2018-8777)

It was discovered that Aspell incorrectly handled certain inputs. An attacker could potentially access sensitive information.

USN-4049-1 fixed a vulnerability in GLib. The update introduced a regression. This update fixes the problem. We apologize for the inconvenience. Original advisory details: It was discovered that GLib created directories and files without properly restricting permissions. An attacker could possibly use this issue to access sensitive information.

USN-4051-1 fixed a vulnerability in apport. This update provides the corresponding update for Ubuntu 14.04 ESM. Original advisory details: Kevin Backhouse discovered a race-condition when reading the user's local Apport configuration. This could be used by a local attacker to cause Apport to include arbitrary files in a resulting crash report.

USN-4038-1 fixed a vulnerability in bzip2. The update introduced a regression causing bzip2 to incorrect raises CRC errors for some files. This update provides the corresponding update for Ubuntu 12.04 ESM and 14.04 ESM. We apologize for the inconvenience. Original advisory details: It was discovered that bzip2 incorrectly handled certain files. An attacker could possibly use this issue to execute arbitrary code.

USN-4009-1 fixed several vulnerabilities in PHP. This update provides the corresponding update for Ubuntu 12.04 ESM and Ubuntu 14.04 ESM. Original advisory details: It was discovered that PHP incorrectly decoding certain MIME headers. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to cause PHP to crash, resulting in a denial of service. (CVE-2019-11039) It was discovered that PHP incorrectly handled certain exif tags in images. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause PHP to crash, resulting in a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2019-11040)

USN-3977-1 provided mitigations for Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) vulnerabilities in Intel Microcode for a large number of Intel processor families. This update provides the corresponding updated microcode mitigations for Intel Cherry Trail and Bay Trail processor families. Original advisory details: Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Giorgi Maisuradze, Dan Horea Lutas, Andrei Lutas, Volodymyr Pikhur, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, Cristiano Giuffrida, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, and Daniel Gruss discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural fill buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12130) Brandon Falk, Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, and Cristiano Giuffrida discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural load ports of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12127) Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Marina Minkin, Daniel Moghimi, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Jo Van Bulck, Daniel Genkin, Daniel Gruss, Berk Sunar, Frank Piessens, and Yuval Yarom discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural store buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12126) Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Volodrmyr Pikhur, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Daniel Gruss, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, and Cristiano Giuffrida discovered that uncacheable memory previously stored in microarchitectural buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2019-11091)

Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Giorgi Maisuradze, Dan Horea Lutas, Andrei Lutas, Volodymyr Pikhur, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, Cristiano Giuffrida, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, and Daniel Gruss discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural fill buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12130) Brandon Falk, Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, and Cristiano Giuffrida discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural load ports of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12127) Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Marina Minkin, Daniel Moghimi, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Jo Van Bulck, Daniel Genkin, Daniel Gruss, Berk Sunar, Frank Piessens, and Yuval Yarom discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural store buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12126) Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Volodrmyr Pikhur, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Daniel Gruss, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, and Cristiano Giuffrida discovered that uncacheable memory previously stored in microarchitectural buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2019-11091)

USN-3976-1 fixed a vulnerability in Samba. This update provides the corresponding update for Ubuntu 12.04 ESM and Ubuntu 14.04 ESM. Original advisory details: Isaac Boukris and Andrew Bartlett discovered that Samba incorrectly checked S4U2Self packets. In certain environments, a remote attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges.

Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Giorgi Maisuradze, Dan Horea Lutas, Andrei Lutas, Volodymyr Pikhur, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, Cristiano Giuffrida, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, and Daniel Gruss discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural fill buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12130) Brandon Falk, Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, and Cristiano Giuffrida discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural load ports of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12127) Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Marina Minkin, Daniel Moghimi, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Jo Van Bulck, Daniel Genkin, Daniel Gruss, Berk Sunar, Frank Piessens, and Yuval Yarom discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural store buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12126) Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Volodrmyr Pikhur, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Daniel Gruss, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, and Cristiano Giuffrida discovered that uncacheable memory previously stored in microarchitectural buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2019-11091)

Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Giorgi Maisuradze, Dan Horea Lutas, Andrei Lutas, Volodymyr Pikhur, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, Cristiano Giuffrida, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, and Daniel Gruss discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural fill buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12130) Brandon Falk, Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, and Cristiano Giuffrida discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural load ports of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12127) Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Marina Minkin, Daniel Moghimi, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Jo Van Bulck, Daniel Genkin, Daniel Gruss, Berk Sunar, Frank Piessens, and Yuval Yarom discovered that memory previously stored in microarchitectural store buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2018-12126) Ke Sun, Henrique Kawakami, Kekai Hu, Rodrigo Branco, Volodrmyr Pikhur, Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Daniel Gruss, Stephan van Schaik, Alyssa Milburn, Sebastian Österlund, Pietro Frigo, Kaveh Razavi, Herbert Bos, and Cristiano Giuffrida discovered that uncacheable memory previously stored in microarchitectural buffers of an Intel CPU core may be exposed to a malicious process that is executing on the same CPU core. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2019-11091)

It was discovered that AdvanceCOMP incorrectly handled certain PNG files. An attacker could possibly use this issue to execute arbitrary code.

USN-3918-1 fixed vulnerabilities in Firefox. This update provides the corresponding updates for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. Original advisory details: Multiple security issues were discovered in Firefox. If a user were tricked in to opening a specially crafted website, an attacker could potentially exploit these to cause a denial of service via application crash, denial of service via successive FTP authorization prompts or modal alerts, trick the user with confusing permission request prompts, obtain sensitive information, conduct social engineering attacks, or execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2019-9788, CVE-2019-9789, CVE-2019-9790, CVE-2019-9791, CVE-2019-9792, CVE-2019-9795, CVE-2019-9796, CVE-2019-9797, CVE-2019-9799, CVE-2019-9802, CVE-2019-9805, CVE-2019-9806, CVE-2019-9807, CVE-2019-9808, CVE-2019-9809) A mechanism was discovered that removes some bounds checking for string, array, or typed array accesses if Spectre mitigations have been disabled. If a user were tricked in to opening a specially crafted website with Spectre mitigations disabled, an attacker could potentially exploit this to cause a denial of service, or execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2019-9793) It was discovered that Upgrade-Insecure-Requests was incorrectly enforced for same-origin navigation. An attacker could potentially exploit this to conduct machine-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. (CVE-2019-9803)

Two security issues were discovered in the JavaScript engine in Firefox. If a user were tricked in to opening a specially crafted website, an attacker could exploit this by causing a denial of service, or executing arbitrary code.

Updated: 2018-11-21: The embedded version of libmspack in ClamAV was found to not be affected by the listed vulnerabilities, therefore the following is not applicable. USN-3814-1 fixed several vulnerabilities in libmspack. In Ubuntu 14.04 libmspack is included into ClamAV. This update provides the corresponding update for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. Original advisory details: It was discovered libmspack incorrectly handled certain malformed CAB files. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause libmspack to crash, resulting in a denial of service. (CVE-2018-18584, CVE-2018-18585)

It was discovered that MoinMoin incorrectly handled certain inputs. An attacker could possibly use this issue to access sensitive information.

It was discovered that Screen Resolution Extra was using PolicyKit in an unsafe manner. A local attacker could potentially exploit this issue to bypass intended PolicyKit authorizations.

USN-3575-1 fixed vulnerabilities in QEMU. The fix for CVE-2017-11334 caused a regression in Xen environments. This update removes the problematic fix pending further investigation. We apologize for the inconvenience. Original advisory details: It was discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled guest ram. A privileged attacker inside the guest could use this issue to cause QEMU to crash, resulting in a denial of service. This issue only affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. (CVE-2017-11334) David Buchanan discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled the VGA device. A privileged attacker inside the guest could use this issue to cause QEMU to crash, resulting in a denial of service. This issue was only addressed in Ubuntu 17.10. (CVE-2017-13672) Thomas Garnier discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled multiboot. An attacker could use this issue to cause QEMU to crash, resulting in a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code on the host. In the default installation, when QEMU is used with libvirt, attackers would be isolated by the libvirt AppArmor profile. This issue only affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. (CVE-2017-14167) Tuomas Tynkkynen discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled VirtFS directory sharing. An attacker could use this issue to obtain sensitive information from host memory. (CVE-2017-15038) Eric Blake discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled memory in the NBD server. An attacker could use this issue to cause the NBD server to crash, resulting in a denial of service. This issue only affected Ubuntu 17.10. (CVE-2017-15118) Eric Blake discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled certain options to the NBD server. An attacker could use this issue to cause the NBD server to crash, resulting in a denial of service. This issue only affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. (CVE-2017-15119) Daniel Berrange discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled the VNC server. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to consume memory, resulting in a denial of service. This issue was only addressed in Ubuntu 17.10. (CVE-2017-15124) Carl Brassey discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled certain websockets. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to consume memory, resulting in a denial of service. This issue only affected Ubuntu 17.10. (CVE-2017-15268) Guoxiang Niu discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled the Cirrus VGA device. A privileged attacker inside the guest could use this issue to cause QEMU to crash, resulting in a denial of service. (CVE-2017-15289) Cyrille Chatras discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled certain PS2 values during migration. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause QEMU to crash, resulting in a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. This issue only affected Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and Ubuntu 17.10. (CVE-2017-16845) It was discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled the Virtio Vring implementation. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause QEMU to crash, resulting in a denial of service. This issue only affected Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and Ubuntu 17.10. (CVE-2017-17381) Eric Blake discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled certain rounding operations. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause QEMU to crash, resulting in a denial of service. This issue only affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. (CVE-2017-18043) Jiang Xin and Lin ZheCheng discovered that QEMU incorrectly handled the VGA device. A privileged attacker inside the guest could use this issue to cause QEMU to crash, resulting in a denial of service. (CVE-2018-5683)

USN-3531-1 updated Intel microcode to the 20180108 release. Regressions were discovered in the microcode updates which could cause system instability on certain hardware platforms. At the request of Intel, we have reverted to the previous packaged microcode version, the 20170707 release. Original advisory details: It was discovered that microprocessors utilizing speculative execution and branch prediction may allow unauthorized memory reads via sidechannel attacks. This flaw is known as Spectre. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information, including kernel memory. (CVE-2017-5715) This update provides the microcode updates required for the corresponding Linux kernel updates.

Joseph Bisch discovered that Irssi incorrectly handled incomplete escape codes. If a user were tricked into using malformed commands or opening malformed files, an attacker could use this issue to cause Irssi to crash, resulting in a denial of service. (CVE-2018-5205) Joseph Bisch discovered that Irssi incorrectly handled settings the channel topic without specifying a sender. A malicious IRC server could use this issue to cause Irssi to crash, resulting in a denial of service. (CVE-2018-5206) Joseph Bisch discovered that Irssi incorrectly handled incomplete variable arguments. If a user were tricked into using malformed commands or opening malformed files, an attacker could use this issue to cause Irssi to crash, resulting in a denial of service. (CVE-2018-5207) Joseph Bisch discovered that Irssi incorrectly handled completing certain strings. An attacker could use this issue to cause Irssi to crash, resulting in a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2018-5208)

Mohamed Ghannam discovered that a use-after-free vulnerability existed in the Netlink subsystem (XFRM) in the Linux kernel. A local attacker could use this to cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2017-16939) It was discovered that the Linux kernel did not properly handle copy-on- write of transparent huge pages. A local attacker could use this to cause a denial of service (application crashes) or possibly gain administrative privileges. (CVE-2017-1000405)