A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in NPort devices because of improper access control on the command port. The command interface does not properly validate whether a sender is associated with a valid data port session before accepting break signal commands. A remote attacker with network access can send crafted requests to disrupt serial communication for an active user session.

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been found in the NPort W2150A-W4/W2250A-W4 Series version 1.5 and earlier. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation of user-supplied input in the "Server location" parameter on the Basic settings page. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to the web service, resulting in memory corruption. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow remote code execution on the target system with root privileges.

A format string vulnerability has been found in the "alias" parameter of the Serial Param configuration page in the NPort W2150A-W4/W2250A-W4 Series version 1.5 and prior. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and improper handling of externally supplied format strings. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to the web service, causing unintended memory disclosure. Successful exploitation may allow an attacker to leak sensitive memory contents and determine critical memory addresses, potentially bypassing Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) protections.

A Missing Required Cryptographic Step vulnerability has been identified in Moxa's embedded Linux firmware for industrial computers and controllers. This vulnerability represents an incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-0714. The firmware introduced TPM2 parameter encryption as a countermeasure against CVE-2026-0714. However, an omission in the authorization session configuration causes the parameter encryption to provide no effective protection. An attacker with invasive physical access to the device can still capture TPM communications on the SPI bus and derive the LUKS disk encryption key in plaintext. While successful exploitation results in full compromise of the encrypted disk volume, the attack requires invasive physical access, including opening the device and attaching external equipment to the SPI bus. Remote exploitation is not possible, and the attack does not affect any downstream systems.

An improper handling of the length parameter inconsistency vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s Secure Router. Because of improper validation of length parameters in the HTTPS management interface, an unauthenticated remote attacker could send specially crafted requests that trigger a buffer overflow condition, causing the web service to become unresponsive. Successful exploitation may result in a denial-of-service condition requiring a device reboot to restore normal operation. While successful exploitation can severely impact the availability of the affected device, no impact to the confidentiality or integrity of the affected product has been identified. Additionally, no confidentiality, integrity, or availability impact to the subsequent system has been identified.

An improper ownership management vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s Secure Router. Because of improper ownership management, a low-privileged authenticated user may access a configuration file containing the hashed password of the administrative account. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information. Exploitation is only possible under a specific condition — when the configuration file has been exported. This vulnerability does not impact the integrity or availability of the affected product, and no confidentiality, integrity, or availability impact to the subsequent system has been identified.

An exposed IOCTL with an  insufficient access control vulnerability has been identified in the utility, MxGeneralIo, for Moxa’s industrial x86 computers. The affected utility, MxGeneralIo, exposes IOCTL methods that permit direct read and write access to MSR and system memory. A local attacker with high privileges could abuse these interfaces to perform unauthorized operations. Successful exploitation may result in privilege escalation on Windows 7 systems or cause a system crash (BSoD) on Windows 10 and 11 systems, leading to a denial-of-service condition. The vulnerability could slightly affect the confidentiality and integrity of the device, but availability might be heavily impacted. No impact to the subsequent system has been identified.

Moxa Arm-based industrial computers running Moxa Industrial Linux Secure use a device-unique bootloader password provided on the device. An attacker with physical access to the device could use this information to access the bootloader menu via a serial interface.  Access to the bootloader menu does not allow full system takeover or privilege escalation. The bootloader enforces digital signature verification and only permits flashing of Moxa-signed images. As a result, an attacker cannot install malicious firmware or execute arbitrary code. The primary impact is limited to a potential temporary denial-of-service condition if a valid image is reflashed. Remote exploitation is not possible.

A physical attack vulnerability exists in certain Moxa industrial computers using TPM-backed LUKS full-disk encryption on Moxa Industrial Linux 3, where the discrete TPM is connected to the CPU via an SPI bus. Exploitation requires invasive physical access, including opening the device and attaching external equipment to the SPI bus to capture TPM communications. If successful, the captured data may allow offline decryption of eMMC contents. This attack cannot be performed through brief or opportunistic physical access and requires extended physical access, possession of the device, appropriate equipment, and sufficient time for signal capture and analysis. Remote exploitation is not possible.

The NPort 6100-G2/6200-G2 Series is affected by an execution with unnecessary privileges vulnerability (CVE-2025-1977) that allows an authenticated user with read-only access to perform unauthorized configuration changes through the MCC (Moxa CLI Configuration) tool. The issue can be exploited remotely over the network with low-attack complexity and no user interaction but requires specific system conditions or configurations to be present. Successful exploitation may result in changes to device settings that were not intended to be permitted for the affected user role, potentially leading to a high impact on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device. No impact on other systems has been identified.

An acceptance of extraneous untrusted data with trusted data vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s Ethernet switches, which allows attackers with administrative privileges to manipulate HTTP Host headers by injecting a specially crafted Host header into HTTP requests sent to an affected device’s web service. This vulnerability is classified as Host Header Injection, where invalid Host headers can manipulate to redirect users, forge links, or phishing attacks. There is no impact to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device; no loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability within any subsequent systems.

Cross-site Scripting has been identified in Moxa’s Ethernet switches, which allows an authenticated administrative attacker to inject malicious scripts to an affected device’s web service that could impact authenticated users interacting with the device’s web interface. This vulnerability is classified as stored cross-site scripting (XSS); attackers inject malicious scripts into the system, and the scripts persist across sessions. There is no impact to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device; no loss of availability within any subsequent systems but has some loss of confidentiality and integrity within the subsequent system.

An Use of Hard-coded Credentials vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s network security appliances and routers. The system employs a hard-coded secret key to sign JSON Web Tokens (JWT) used for authentication. This insecure implementation allows an unauthenticated attacker to forge valid tokens, thereby bypassing authentication controls and impersonating any user. Exploitation of this vulnerability can result in complete system compromise, enabling unauthorized access, data theft, and full administrative control over the affected device. While successful exploitation can severely impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device itself, there is no loss of confidentiality or integrity within any subsequent systems.

An Execution with Unnecessary Privileges vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s network security appliances and routers. A critical authorization flaw in the API allows an authenticated, low-privileged user to create a new administrator account, including accounts with usernames identical to existing users. In certain scenarios, this vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control over the affected device, leading to potential account impersonation. While successful exploitation can severely impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device itself, there is no loss of confidentiality or integrity within any subsequent systems.

An Execution with Unnecessary Privileges vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s network security appliances and routers. A flaw in the API authorization logic of the affected device allows an authenticated, low-privileged user to execute the administrative ping function, which is restricted to higher-privileged roles. This vulnerability enables the user to perform internal network reconnaissance, potentially discovering internal hosts or services that would otherwise be inaccessible. Repeated exploitation could lead to minor resource consumption. While the overall impact is limited, it may result in some loss of confidentiality and availability on the affected device. There is no impact on the integrity of the device, and the vulnerability does not affect any subsequent systems.

An Execution with Unnecessary Privileges vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s network security appliances and routers. A flaw in broken access control has been identified in the /api/v1/setting/data endpoint of the affected device. This flaw allows a low-privileged authenticated user to call the API without the required permissions, thereby gaining the ability to access or modify system configuration data. Successful exploitation may lead to privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to access or modify sensitive system settings. While the overall impact is high, there is no loss of confidentiality or integrity within any subsequent systems.

An Incorrect Authorization vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s network security appliances and routers. A flaw in the API authentication mechanism allows unauthorized access to protected API endpoints, including those intended for administrative functions. This vulnerability can be exploited after a legitimate user has logged in, as the system fails to properly validate session context or privilege boundaries. An attacker may leverage this flaw to perform unauthorized privileged operations. While successful exploitation can severely impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device itself, there is no loss of confidentiality or integrity within any subsequent systems.

An Unquoted Search Path vulnerability has been identified in the utility for Moxa’s industrial computers (Windows). Due to the unquoted path configuration in the SerialInterfaceService.exe utility, a local attacker with limited privileges could place a malicious executable in a higher-priority directory within the search path. When the Serial Interface service starts, the malicious executable could be run with SYSTEM privileges. Successful exploitation could allow privilege escalation or enable an attacker to maintain persistence on the affected system. While successful exploitation can severely impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device itself, there is no loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability within any subsequent systems.

This vulnerability involves command injection in tcpdump within Moxa products, enabling an authenticated attacker with console access to exploit improper input validation to inject and execute systems commands. Successful exploitation could result in privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to gain root shell access and maintain persistent control over the device, potentially disrupting network services and affecting the availability of downstream systems that rely on its connectivity.

A stored Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in the MGate 5121/5122/5123 Series firmware version v1.0 because of insufficient sanitization and encoding of user input in the "Login Message" functionality. An authenticated attacker with administrative access can exploit this vulnerability to inject malicious scripts that are continuously stored on the device. These scripts are executed when other users access the login page, potentially resulting in unauthorized actions or other impacts, depending on the user's privileges.

Moxa’s Ethernet switch is vulnerable to an authentication bypass because of flaws in its authorization mechanism. Although both client-side and back-end server verification are involved in the process, attackers can exploit weaknesses in its implementation. These vulnerabilities may enable brute-force attacks to guess valid credentials or MD5 collision attacks to forge authentication hashes, potentially compromising the security of the device.

Moxa’s cellular routers, secure routers, and network security appliances are affected by a critical vulnerability, CVE-2024-9140. This vulnerability allows OS command injection due to improperly restricted commands, potentially enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code. This poses a significant risk to the system’s security and functionality.

Moxa’s cellular routers, secure routers, and network security appliances are affected by a high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2024-9138. This vulnerability involves hard-coded credentials, enabling an authenticated user to escalate privileges and gain root-level access to the system, posing a significant security risk.

This vulnerability could lead to denial-of-service or service crashes. Exploitation of the moxacmd service, because of insufficient input validation, allows attackers to disrupt operations. If exposed to public networks, the vulnerability poses a significant remote threat, potentially allowing attackers to shut down affected systems.

MXsecurity software versions v1.1.0 and prior are vulnerable because of the use of hard-coded credentials. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to tamper with sensitive data.

The lack of access restriction to a resource from unauthorized users makes MXsecurity software versions v1.1.0 and prior vulnerable. By acquiring a valid authenticator, an attacker can pose as an authorized user and successfully access the resource.

This vulnerability occurs when an attacker exploits a race condition between the time a file is checked and the time it is used (TOCTOU). By exploiting this race condition, an attacker can write arbitrary files to the system. This could allow the attacker to execute malicious code and potentially cause file losses.

The vulnerability allows an attacker to craft MQTT messages that include relative path traversal sequences, enabling them to read arbitrary files on the system. This could lead to the disclosure of sensitive information, such as configuration files and JWT signing secrets.

The configuration file stores credentials in cleartext. An attacker with local access rights can read or modify the configuration file, potentially resulting in the service being abused due to sensitive information exposure.

OnCell G3470A-LTE Series firmware versions v1.7.7 and prior have been identified as vulnerable due to accepting a format string from an external source as an argument. An attacker could modify an externally controlled format string to cause a memory leak and denial of service.