A flaw was found in node.js, where it did not properly handle multi-value Relative Distinguished Names. This flaw allows a specially crafted x509 certificate to produce a false multi-value Relative Distinguished Name and to inject arbitrary data in node.js libraries.

OpenSSL could allow a remote attacker to bypass security restrictions, caused by a a missing check in the validation logic of X.509 certificate chains by the X509VFLAGX509STRICT flag. By using any valid certificate or certificate chain to sign a specially crafted certificate, an attacker could bypass the check that non-CA certificates must not be able to issue other certificates and override the default purpose.

Last updated 22 August 2024

Vulnerability in the Oracle GraalVM product of Oracle Java SE (component: Compiler). The supported version that is affected is Oracle GraalVM: 25.0.4.1. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle GraalVM. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle GraalVM. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Vulnerability in the Oracle GraalVM product of Oracle Java SE (component: Compiler). The supported version that is affected is Oracle GraalVM: 25.0.4.1. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle GraalVM. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle GraalVM. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Vulnerability in the Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM product of Oracle Java SE (component: Compiler). The supported version that is affected is Oracle GraalVM for JDK 17: 23.0.13.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK 21: 23.1.12.1; Oracle GraalVM: 25.0.4.1. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Java SE. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Java SE.

Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Java SE. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Java SE accessible data.

Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Java SE. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Java SE accessible data.

A flaw was found in Apache Santuario (XML Security for Java) in the way it processed some paths. A remote attacker could use this flaw to circumvent the "secure validation" feature and disclose potentially sensitive information in local XML files.

An unspecified vulnerability in Java SE related to the Libraries component could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause no confidentiality impact, high integrity impact, and no availability impact.

Java SE is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by an easily exploitable vulnerability issue that allows an remote attacker to cause a hang or repeatable crash of the application.

Desktop.browse() will run a program if the URI is a filename while the documentation says that the default browser will be used to open the URI.

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Install). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u501, 11.0.32, 17.0.20, 21.0.12, 25.0.4, 26.0.2; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.20 and 21.0.12; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.19. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition executes to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Impact

Arbitrary File Creation, Arbitrary File Overwrite, Arbitrary Code Execution

node-tar aims to guarantee that any file whose location would be modified by a symbolic link is not extracted. This is, in part, achieved by ensuring that extracted directories are not symlinks. Additionally, in order to prevent unnecessary stat calls to determine whether a given path is a directory, paths are cached when directories are created.

This logic was insufficient when extracting tar files that contained both a directory and a symlink with the same name as the directory. This order of operations resulted in the directory being created and added to the node-tar directory cache. When a directory is present in the directory cache, subsequent calls to mkdir for that directory are skipped. However, this is also where node-tar checks for symlinks occur.

By first creating a directory, and then replacing that directory with a symlink, it was thus possible to bypass node-tar symlink checks on directories, essentially allowing an untrusted tar file to symlink into an arbitrary location and subsequently extracting arbitrary files into that location, thus allowing arbitrary file creation and overwrite.

This issue was addressed in releases 3.2.3, 4.4.15, 5.0.7 and 6.1.2.

Patches

3.2.3 || 4.4.15 || 5.0.7 || 6.1.2

Workarounds

Users may work around this vulnerability without upgrading by creating a custom filter method which prevents the extraction of symbolic links.

js const tar = require('tar')

tar.x({ file: 'archive.tgz', filter: (file, entry) => { if (entry.type === 'SymbolicLink') { return false } else { return true } } })

Users are encouraged to upgrade to the latest patch versions, rather than attempt to sanitize tar input themselves.

Node.js tar module could allow a local attacker to traverse directories on the system, caused by insufficient absolute path sanitization. An attacker could use a specially-crafted tar file containing "dot dot" sequences (/../) to create or overwrite arbitrary files on the system.

A flaw was found in HTTP/2. Using SETTINGS frames and queuing of SETTINGS ACK frames, a flood could occur resulting in unbounded memory growth. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.

Several scenarios of heap corruption were observed for Graphics2D.drawString(String,float,float) with varying settings for RenderingHints and affine font transformations.

The original fix for CVE-2025-30749 was found to be incomplete. In particular, the CGGlyphImagesGetGlyphImagePtrs method incorrectly calculates pointers to the arrays inside the pre-allocated buffer. It caused out-of-memory access and crash.

The HTTP client leaks sensitive information when redirecting to a different domain.

A flaw was found in HTTP/2. An attacker, using PRIORITY frames to flood the system, could cause excessive CPU usage and starvation of other clients. The largest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.

A vulnerability was found in http/2 where an attacker opens the HTTP/2 window so the peer can send without constraint; however, they leave the TCP window closed so the peer cannot actually write (many of) the bytes on the wire. The attacker then sends a stream of requests for a large response object. Depending on how the servers queue the responses, this can consume excess memory, CPU, or both, potentially leading to a denial of service.

An integer truncation issue was found in the Xalan Java XSLT library when processing malicious stylesheets. This flaw could be used to potentially execute arbitrary Java bytecode.

Impact Arbitrary File Creation, Arbitrary File Overwrite, Arbitrary Code Execution

node-tar aims to guarantee that any file whose location would be modified by a symbolic link is not extracted. This is, in part, achieved by ensuring that extracted directories are not symlinks. Additionally, in order to prevent unnecessary stat calls to determine whether a given path is a directory, paths are cached when directories are created.

This logic was insufficient when extracting tar files that contained two directories and a symlink with names containing unicode values that normalized to the same value. Additionally, on Windows systems, long path portions would resolve to the same file system entities as their 8.3 "short path" counterparts. A specially crafted tar archive could thus include directories with two forms of the path that resolve to the same file system entity, followed by a symbolic link with a name in the first form, lastly followed by a file using the second form. It led to bypassing node-tar symlink checks on directories, essentially allowing an untrusted tar file to symlink into an arbitrary location and subsequently extracting arbitrary files into that location, thus allowing arbitrary file creation and overwrite.

The v3 branch of node-tar has been deprecated and did not receive patches for these issues. If you are still using a v3 release we recommend you update to a more recent version of node-tar. If this is not possible, a workaround is available below.

Patches

6.1.9 || 5.0.10 || 4.4.18

Workarounds

Users may work around this vulnerability without upgrading by creating a custom filter method which prevents the extraction of symbolic links.

js const tar = require('tar')

tar.x({ file: 'archive.tgz', filter: (file, entry) => { if (entry.type === 'SymbolicLink') { return false } else { return true } } })

Users are encouraged to upgrade to the latest patched versions, rather than attempt to sanitize tar input themselves.

Fix

The problem is addressed in the following ways, when comparing paths in the directory cache and path reservation systems:

1. The String.normalize('NFKD') method is used to first normalize all unicode to its maximally compatible and multi-code-point form. 2. All slashes are normalized to / on Windows systems (on posix systems, \ is a valid filename character, and thus left intact). 3. When a symbolic link is encountered on Windows systems, the entire directory cache is cleared. Collisions related to use of 8.3 short names to replace directories with other (non-symlink) types of entries may make archives fail to extract properly, but will not result in arbitrary file writes.

Impact

Arbitrary File Creation, Arbitrary File Overwrite, Arbitrary Code Execution

node-tar aims to guarantee that any file whose location would be modified by a symbolic link is not extracted. This is, in part, achieved by ensuring that extracted directories are not symlinks. Additionally, in order to prevent unnecessary stat calls to determine whether a given path is a directory, paths are cached when directories are created.

This logic was insufficient when extracting tar files that contained both a directory and a symlink with the same name as the directory, where the symlink and directory names in the archive entry used backslashes as a path separator on posix systems. The cache checking logic used both \ and / characters as path separators, however \ is a valid filename character on posix systems.

By first creating a directory, and then replacing that directory with a symlink, it was thus possible to bypass node-tar symlink checks on directories, essentially allowing an untrusted tar file to symlink into an arbitrary location and subsequently extracting arbitrary files into that location, thus allowing arbitrary file creation and overwrite.

Additionally, a similar confusion could arise on case-insensitive filesystems. If a tar archive contained a directory at FOO, followed by a symbolic link named foo, then on case-insensitive file systems, the creation of the symbolic link would remove the directory from the filesystem, but not from the internal directory cache, as it would not be treated as a cache hit. A subsequent file entry within the FOO directory would then be placed in the target of the symbolic link, thinking that the directory had already been created.

These issues were addressed in releases 4.4.16, 5.0.8 and 6.1.7.

The v3 branch of node-tar has been deprecated and did not receive patches for these issues. If you are still using a v3 release we recommend you update to a more recent version of node-tar. If this is not possible, a workaround is available below.

Patches

4.4.16 || 5.0.8 || 6.1.7

Workarounds

Users may work around this vulnerability without upgrading by creating a custom filter method which prevents the extraction of symbolic links.

js const tar = require('tar')

tar.x({ file: 'archive.tgz', filter: (file, entry) => { if (entry.type === 'SymbolicLink') { return false } else { return true } } })

Users are encouraged to upgrade to the latest patched versions, rather than attempt to sanitize tar input themselves.

Fix

The problem is addressed in the following ways:

1. All paths are normalized to use / as a path separator, replacing \ with / on Windows systems, and leaving \ intact in the path on posix systems. This is performed in depth, at every level of the program where paths are consumed. 2. Directory cache pruning is performed case-insensitively. This may result in undue cache misses on case-sensitive file systems, but the performance impact is negligible.

Caveat

Note that this means that the entry objects exposed in various parts of tar's API will now always use / as a path separator, even on Windows systems. This is not expected to cause problems, as / is a valid path separator on Windows systems, but may result in issues if entry.path is compared against a path string coming from some other API such as fs.realpath() or path.resolve().

Users are encouraged to always normalize paths using a well-tested method such as path.resolve() before comparing paths to one another.

An unspecified vulnerability in Java SE related to the JAXP component could allow a remote attacker to cause high confidentiality impact, no integrity impact, and no availability impact.

An unspecified vulnerability in Java SE related to the Security component could allow a remote attacker to cause high confidentiality impact and high integrity impact.

An unspecified vulnerability in Java SE related to the Security component could allow a remote attacker to cause high integrity impact.

An unspecified vulnerability in Java SE related to the VM component could allow a remote attacker to cause high confidentiality impact and high integrity impact.

@npmcli/arborist, the library that calculates dependency trees and manages the nodemodules folder hierarchy for the npm command line interface, aims to guarantee that package dependency contracts will be met, and the extraction of package contents will always be performed into the expected folder. This is, in part, accomplished by resolving dependency specifiers defined in package.json manifests for dependencies with a specific name, and nesting folders to resolve conflicting dependencies. When multiple dependencies differ only in the case of their name, Arborist's internal data structure saw them as separate items that could coexist within the same level in the nodemodules hierarchy. However, on case-insensitive file systems (such as macOS and Windows), this is not the case. Combined with a symlink dependency such as file:/some/path, this allowed an attacker to create a situation in which arbitrary contents could be written to any location on the filesystem. For example, a package pwn-a could define a dependency in their package.json file such as "foo": "file:/some/path". Another package, pwn-b could define a dependency such as FOO: "file:foo.tgz". On case-insensitive file systems, if pwn-a was installed, and then pwn-b was installed afterwards, the contents of foo.tgz would be written to /some/path, and any existing contents of /some/path would be removed. Anyone using npm v7.20.6 or earlier on a case-insensitive filesystem is potentially affected. This is patched in @npmcli/arborist 2.8.2 which is included in npm v7.20.7 and above.