Overview

The npm package y18n before versions 3.2.2, 4.0.1, and 5.0.5 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution.

POC

js const y18n = require('y18n')();

y18n.setLocale('proto'); y18n.updateLocale({polluted: true});

console.log(polluted); // true

Recommendation

Upgrade to version 3.2.2, 4.0.1, 5.0.5 or later.

Affected Node.js versions can be exploited to perform HTTP desync attacks and deliver malicious payloads to unsuspecting users. The payloads can be crafted by an attacker to hijack user sessions, poison cookies, perform clickjacking, and a multitude of other attacks depending on the architecture of the underlying system.

Downloads & release details

Node.js v10.19.0 (LTS) - https://nodejs.org/en/blog/release/v10.19.0/ Node.js v12.15.0 (LTS) - https://nodejs.org/en/blog/release/v12.15.0/ Node.js v13.8.0 (LTS) - https://nodejs.org/en/blog/release/v13.8.0/

The "Apache NetBeans" autoupdate system does not validate SSL certificates and hostnames for https based downloads. This allows an attacker to intercept downloads of autoupdates and modify the download, potentially injecting malicious code. “Apache NetBeans" versions up to and including 11.2 are affected by this vulnerability.

The HTTP client leaks sensitive information when redirecting to a different domain.

Several scenarios of heap corruption were observed for Graphics2D.drawString(String,float,float) with varying settings for RenderingHints and affine font transformations.

The original fix for CVE-2025-30749 was found to be incomplete. In particular, the CGGlyphImagesGetGlyphImagePtrs method incorrectly calculates pointers to the arrays inside the pre-allocated buffer. It caused out-of-memory access and crash.

Versions of the npm CLI prior to 6.13.3 are vulnerable to an Arbitrary File Write. It fails to prevent access to folders outside of the intended nodemodules folder through the bin field. A properly constructed entry in the package.json bin field would allow a package publisher to create files on a user's system when the package is installed. It is only possible to affect files that the user running npm install has access to and it is not possible to overwrite files that already exist on disk.

References:

https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1434 https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/december-2019-security-releases/ https://blog.npmjs.org/post/189618601100/binary-planting-with-the-npm-cli

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Install). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u501, 11.0.32, 17.0.20, 21.0.12, 25.0.4, 26.0.2; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.20 and 21.0.12; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.19. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition executes to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A flaw was found in nodejs. When too many connection attempts with an 'unknownProtocol' are established a leak of file descriptors can occur leading to a potential denial of service. If a file descriptor limit is configured on the system, then the server is unable to accept new connections and prevent the process also from opening. If no file descriptor limit is configured, then this can lead to an excessive memory usage and cause the system to run out of memory. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.

Versions of the npm CLI prior to 6.13.4 are vulnerable to a Global nodemodules Binary Overwrite. It fails to prevent existing globally-installed binaries to be overwritten by other package installations.

References:

https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1437 https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/december-2019-security-releases/ https://blog.npmjs.org/post/189618601100/binary-planting-with-the-npm-cli

Versions of the npm CLI prior to 6.13.3 are vulnerable to a symlink reference outside of nodemodules. It is possible for packages to create symlinks to files outside of the nodemodules folder through the bin field upon installation. A properly constructed entry in the package.json bin field would allow a package publisher to create a symlink pointing to arbitrary files on a user’s system when the package is installed. Only files accessible by the user running the npm install are affected.

References:

https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1436 https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/december-2019-security-releases/ https://blog.npmjs.org/post/189618601100/binary-planting-with-the-npm-cli

Vulnerability in the Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition component of Oracle GraalVM (subcomponent: GraalVM). The supported version that is affected is 19.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. While the vulnerability is in Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 7.7 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Vulnerability in the Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle GraalVM (component: GraalVM Compiler). Supported versions that are affected are 19.3.1 and 20.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. While the vulnerability is in Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 7.7 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Vulnerability in the Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle GraalVM (component: LLVM Interpreter). The supported version that is affected is 19.2.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. While the vulnerability is in Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 7.7 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H).

An unspecified vulnerability in Java SE related to the JAXP component could allow a remote attacker to cause high confidentiality impact, no integrity impact, and no availability impact.

Java SE is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by an easily exploitable vulnerability issue that allows an remote attacker to cause a hang or repeatable crash of the application.

Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Java SE. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Java SE.

Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Java SE. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Java SE accessible data.

Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Java SE. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Java SE accessible data.

A flaw was found in ssri package. A malicious string provided by an attacker may lead to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS). This issue only affects consumers using the strict option. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to availability.

A flaw was found in nodejs. A denial of service is possible when the whitelist includes “localhost6”. When “localhost6” is not present in /etc/hosts, it is just an ordinary domain that is resolved via DNS over the network. If the attacker controls the victim's DNS server or can spoof its responses, the DNS rebinding protection can be bypassed by using the “localhost6” domain. As long as the attacker uses the “localhost6” domain, they can still apply the attack described in CVE-2018-7160.

A flaw was found in Node.js, where it is vulnerable to a use-after-free attack. This flaw allows an attacker to exploit memory corruption to change process behavior. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality and integrity.

A Node.js application that allows an attacker to trigger a DNS request for a host of their choice could trigger a Denial of Service in versions < 15.2.1, < 14.15.1, and < 12.19.1 by getting the application to resolve a DNS record with a larger number of responses. This is fixed in 15.2.1, 14.15.1, and 12.19.1.

A resource consumption vulnerability was found in nghttp2. This flaw allows an attacker to repeatedly construct an overly large HTTP/2 SETTINGS frame with a length of 14,400 bytes that causes excessive CPU usage, leading to a denial of service.

The "Apache NetBeans" autoupdate system does not fully validate code signatures. An attacker could modify the downloaded nbm and include additional code. "Apache NetBeans" versions up to and including 11.2 are affected by this vulnerability.

A flaw was found in the way the Hotspot component of OpenJDK performed range check elimination. An untrusted Java application or applet could use this flaw to bypass Java sandbox restrictions.

Vulnerability in the Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: LLVM Interpreter). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.7, 21.3.3 and 22.2.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

An unspecified vulnerability in Java SE related to the Server: DDL component could allow a remote attacker to cause high confidentiality and high integrity impact.

Desktop.browse() will run a program if the URI is a filename while the documentation says that the default browser will be used to open the URI.

A TLS Hostname verification bypass vulnerability exists in NodeJS. This flaw allows an attacker to bypass TLS Hostname verification when a TLS client reuses HTTPS sessions.